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arXiv:1610.09963 · Scientific Reports

Strong coupling of magnons in a YIG sphere to photons in a planar superconducting resonator in the quantum limit

R. G. E. Morris, Arjan F. van Loo, Sandoko Kosen, Alexy D. Karenowska

Published Sep 11, 2017• 90 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report measurements made at millikelvin temperatures of a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator (CPWR) coupled to a sphere of yttrium-iron garnet. Systems hybridising collective spin excitations with microwave photons have recently attracted interest for their potential quantum information applications. In this experiment the non-uniform microwave field of the CPWR allows coupling to be achieved to many different magnon modes in the sphere. Calculations of the relative coupling strength of different mode families in the sphere to the CPWR are used to successfully identify the magnon modes and their frequencies. The measurements are extended to the quantum limit by reducing the drive power until, on average, less than one photon is present in the CPWR. Investigating the time-dependent response of the system to square pulses, oscillations in the output signal at the mode splitting frequency are observed. These results demonstrate the feasibility of future experiments combining magnonic elements with planar superconducting quantum devices.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-017-11835-4

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Abstract Hybridizing collective spin excitations and a cavity with high cooperativity provides a new research subject in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics and can also have potential applications to quantum information. Here we report an experimental study of cavity quantum electrodynamics with ferromagnetic magnons in a small yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere at both cryogenic and room temperatures. We observe for the first time a strong coupling of the same cavity mode to both a ferromagnetic-resonance (FMR) mode and a magnetostatic (MS) mode near FMR in the quantum limit. This is achieved at a temperature ~22 mK, where the average microwave photon number in the cavity is less than one. At room temperature, we also observe strong coupling of the cavity mode to the FMR mode in the same YIG sphere and find a slight increase of the damping rate of the FMR mode. These observations reveal the extraordinary robustness of the FMR mode against temperature. However, the MS mode becomes unobservable at room temperature in the measured transmission spectrum of the microwave cavity containing the YIG sphere. Our numerical simulations show that this is due to a drastic increase of the damping rate of the MS mode.
We study the generation of a magnon blockade in a single-crystalline yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere coupled to a three-dimensional superconducting microwave resonator that interacts with a superconducting qubit. Based on the indirect coupling between the Kittel mode of YIG and the superconducting qubit mediated by the virtual photon excitation in the microwave cavity, we propose two different mechanisms for observing the magnon blockade effect in the ferromagnetic sphere. The first one is to use the strong anharmonicity of the dressed states of the coupled qubit-magnon system. However, the strong magnon antibunching can only be achieved under the strong-coupling regime. To relax this constraint, we propose another quantum interference method to produce and enhance the magnon blockade effect with the moderate-coupling strength. By optimizing the relative phase and the strength ratio of the external driving fields applied to the YIG and qubit, we show that the much stronger magnon antibunching with significantly increased steady-state mean magnon numbers can be realized by the destructive interference for the two-magnon excitation.
We demonstrate microwave-mediated distant magnon-magnon coupling on a superconducting circuit platform, incorporating chip-mounted single-crystal Y_{3}Fe_{5}O_{12} (YIG) spheres. Coherent level repulsion and dissipative level attraction between the magnon modes of the two YIG spheres are demonstrated. The former is mediated by cavity photons of a superconducting resonator, and the latter is mediated by propagating photons of a coplanar waveguide. Our results open new avenues toward exploring integrated hybrid magnonic networks for coherent information processing on a quantum-compatible superconducting platform.
Abstract Coherent quantum transduction between microwave and optical signals is of great importance for long-distance quantum communication. Here we propose a novel scheme for the implementation of nonreciprocal single-photon state conversion between microwave and optical modes based on a hybrid magnonic system. A yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) sphere with both the optomechanical and the optomagnetic properties is exploited to couple with a three-dimensional superconducting microwave resonator. The magnetostatic mode of the YIG sphere is treated as an intermediate to interact with the microwave and optical modes simultaneously. By manipulating the amplitudes and phase differences between the couplings via external driving fields, we show that the nonreciprocal microwave-light single-photon state conversion can be realized via the quantum interference effect.
Inthe application of quantum information transduction with superconducting (SC) qubits, SC resonators play a phenomenal role in magnon-photon coupled systems. We present NbN (Tc_{c}c​= 10.8 K) superconducting microstrip resonators tailored for hybrid magnon-photon coupled systems. Our resonators exhibit remarkable coupling capability, enabling rigorous probing of magnon-photon interactions. With a fundamental frequency of 1.4 GHz and a second harmonic of 2.8 GHz, these resonators offer extensive frequency coverage, facilitating the identification and characterization of a wide spectral range. It exhibits a strong magnon-microwave photon coupling with a sphere of yttrium iron garnet (YIG). The average gyromagnetic ratio (γ/2π\gamma /2\piγ/2π) and coupling strength (g/2πg/2\pig/2π) achieved are 2.7 MHz/Oe and 11.14 MHz, respectively. The NbN SC resonators developed in this work address challenges associated with probing magnon-photon coupling in strong magnetic fields and are expected to serve as a unique platform for studying magnon-photon coupled hybrid devices.
We experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between the ferromagnetic magnons in a small yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere and the drive-field-induced dressed states of a superconducting qubit, which gives rise to the double dressing of the superconducting qubit. The YIG sphere and the superconducting qubit are embedded in a microwave cavity and the effective coupling between them is mediated by the virtual cavity photons. The theoretical results fit the experimental observations well in a wide region of the drive-field power resonantly applied to the superconducting qubit and reveal that the driven qubit-magnon hybrid quantum system can be harnessed to emulate a particle-hole-symmetric pair coupled to a bosonic mode. This hybrid quantum system offers a novel platform for quantum simulation of the composite quasi-particles consisting of fermions and bosons.