Quantum mechanics is a successful theory that describes the behavior of photons, electrons, and other atomic- and molecular-scale objects. However, it is far from being well understood. In this paper, a new theory - knot physics for entangled vortex-membranes is developed to explore the underline physics of quantum mechanics. From point view of information, three dimensional quantum Dirac model is developed to effectively describe the fluctuations of local deformation of vortex-membranes: The elementary excitations are knots with information unit; The physics quality to describe local deformation is knot density that is defined by the density of zeros between two projected vortex-membranes; The Biot-Savart equation for Kelvin waves becomes Schrodinger equation for probability waves of knots; the classical functions for perturbative Kelvin waves become wave functions for knots; The probability of quantum mechanics comes from dynamic projection for inner observers owing to "fast clock" effect; The angular frequency for leapfrogging motion plays the role of the mass of knots; etc. This work would help people to understand the mystery of quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is a successful theory that describes the behavior of photons, electrons, and other atomic- and molecular-scale objects. However, it is far from being well understood. In this paper, a new theory - knot physics for entangled vortex-membranes is developed to explore the underline physics of quantum mechanics. From point view of information, three dimensional quantum Dirac model is developed to effectively describe the fluctuations of local deformation of vortex-membranes: The elementary excitations are knots with information unit; The physics quality to describe local deformation is knot density that is defined by the density of zeros between two projected vortex-membranes; The Biot-Savart equation for Kelvin waves becomes Schrodinger equation for probability waves of knots; the classical functions for perturbative Kelvin waves become wave functions for knots; The probability of quantum mechanics comes from dynamic projection for inner observers owing to "fast clock" effect; The angular frequency for leapfrogging motion plays the role of the mass of knots; etc. This work would help people to understand the mystery of quantum mechanics.
Using the linear local induction approximation, we investigate the self-induced motion of a vortex-line that corresponds to the motion of a particle in quantum mechanics. Provided Kelvin waves, the effective Schrödinger equation, physical quantity operators, and the corresponding path-integral formula can be obtained. In particular, the effective Planck constant defined by parameters of vortex-line motion shows the mathematical relation between the two fields. The vortexline–particle mapping may help in understanding particle motion in quantum mechanics.
In quantum theory, vortex lines arise in the hydrodynamic interpretation of the wave equation. In this interpretation, which is originally due to Madelung, the flow of the probability density for a single particle is described in terms of the hydrodynamic variables. For the sake of simplicity, the standard time-dependent Schrödinger equation, and the related vortex lines embedded in the probability fluid of the quantum particle, are considered here. A vortex line in this case is simply the curve defined by equating the wave function to zero. The linearity of the Schrödinger equation enables us to obtain a large family of exact time-dependent analytic solutions for the wave functions with vortex lines. Moreover, the method is general enough to allow for various initial configurations of the vortex lines. Although the equation of motion of the quantum mechanical probability fluid is different in its literal form from the equations describing the real physical fluid, we believe that the evolution of the vorticity in the quantum and in the real fluid share the same qualitative features that can be described in terms of the topology of the vortex lines configurations. The general phenomena such as the switch-over, creation and annihilation of vortices can be observed in the quantum mechanical fluid. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This article proposes a deterministic and geometrically grounded reformulation of quantum mechanics based on vortex dynamics in a structured, superfluid-like vacuum. Modeling the electron as a self-sustaining irrotational vortex with both internal rotation and external translation, the framework derives fundamental quantum phenomena—including de Broglie wavelength, Compton wavelength, spin, and quantization—directly from physical principles of motion and vacuum geometry. A generalized wave function is introduced, embedding both translational and rotational phase components, leading to a modified Schrödinger-like equation that naturally incorporates internal angular momentum. Interference, tunneling, and entanglement are reinterpreted as emergent behaviors of coherent vortex trajectories, eliminating the need for wavefunction collapse or intrinsic randomness. The Born rule is shown to arise from deterministic mechanisms such as phase averaging, internal oscillations, and ergodic dynamics. This vortex model aligns with classical, quantum, and relativistic principles, resolves key interpretational paradoxes, and offers a unified, causal framework for understanding quantum phenomena as structured motion within a physically real vacuum.
The dynamics of the simplest torus quantum vortex knots in a superfluid at zero temperature has been simulated with a regularized Biot–Savart law (the torus radii R 0 and r 0 for the initial vortex configuration are much larger than the width of the vortex core ). The evolution times of knots until their significant deformation have been calculated with a small step in the parameter B 0 = r 0 / R 0 for different values of the parameter Λ = log( R 0 /ξ). It has been found that regions of quasi-stability appear at Λ ≳ 3 in the range B 0 ≲ 0.2, which correspond to long knot lifetimes and very large traveling distances up to several hundred R 0 . This result is new and quite surprising because previously it was believed that the maximum lifetime of torus knots until reconnection does not exceed several typical periods. The opening of quasi-stable “windows” at increasing Λ is due to narrowing of main parametric resonances of the dynamic system in the parameter B 0 .
In quantum mechanics, the wave function encodes all information about a particle through its probability density and phase. While stationary states are characterized by conserved quantum numbers such as energy and, in central potentials, angular momentum, non-stationary superpositions - particularly in anisotropic or time-dependent fields - generally lack equally universal descriptors of their spatiotemporal dynamics. Here we introduce quantum hodographs: the trajectories traced in time by the expectation value of observable vector quantities. For a free electron in a superposition of three plane waves, all hodographs of the probability current lie on a universal cubic surface with conical singularities. Rational frequency (energy) difference ratios produce non-contractible loops with well-defined winding numbers. In anisotropic harmonic oscillators the Ehrenfest trajectories - hodographs of the expectation value of particle radius-vector - form three-dimensional Lissajous knots, echoing the classical Thomson vortex-atom model. Externally driven quantum systems allow controllable initiation of knotted hodographs. We propose an optical modulation spectroscopy scheme for reconstructing these topological features in trapped ions and single-electron systems. The topological indices of the loops and knots are robust to parameter variations, offering a new tool for characterizing complex quantum dynamics.
Ultra-cold quantum turbulence is expected to decay through a cascade of Kelvin waves. These helical excitations couple vorticity to the quantum fluid causing long wavelength phonon fluctuations in a Bose-Einstein condensate. This interaction is hypothesized to be the route to relaxation for turbulent tangles in quantum hydrodynamics. The local induction approximation is the lowest order approximation to the Biot-Savart velocity field induced by a vortex line and, because of its integrability, is thought to prohibit energy transfer by Kelvin waves. Using the Biot-Savart description, we derive a generalization to the local induction approximation which predicts that regions of large curvature can reconfigure themselves as Kelvin wave packets. While this generalization preserves the arclength metric, a quantity conserved under the Eulerian flow of vortex lines, it also introduces a non-Hamiltonian structure on the geometric properties of the vortex line. It is this non-Hamiltonian evolution of curvature and torsion which provides a resolution to the missing Kelvin wave motion. In this work, we derive corrections to the local induction approximation in powers of curvature and state them for utilization in vortex filament methods. Using the Hasimoto transformation, we arrive at a nonlinear integro-differential equation which reduces to a modified nonlinear Schrödinger type evolution of the curvature and torsion on the vortex line. We show that this modification seeks to disperse localized curvature profiles. At the same time, the non-Hamiltonian break in integrability bolsters the deforming curvature profile and simulations show that this dynamic results in Kelvin wave propagation along the dispersive vortex medium.