Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of High Energy Physics Gravitation and Cosmology

Reconstructing Quantum Mechanics: A Vortex-Based Replacement for Schrödinger’s Equation

Nader Butto

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This article proposes a deterministic and geometrically grounded reformulation of quantum mechanics based on vortex dynamics in a structured, superfluid-like vacuum. Modeling the electron as a self-sustaining irrotational vortex with both internal rotation and external translation, the framework derives fundamental quantum phenomena—including de Broglie wavelength, Compton wavelength, spin, and quantization—directly from physical principles of motion and vacuum geometry. A generalized wave function is introduced, embedding both translational and rotational phase components, leading to a modified Schrödinger-like equation that naturally incorporates internal angular momentum. Interference, tunneling, and entanglement are reinterpreted as emergent behaviors of coherent vortex trajectories, eliminating the need for wavefunction collapse or intrinsic randomness. The Born rule is shown to arise from deterministic mechanisms such as phase averaging, internal oscillations, and ergodic dynamics. This vortex model aligns with classical, quantum, and relativistic principles, resolves key interpretational paradoxes, and offers a unified, causal framework for understanding quantum phenomena as structured motion within a physically real vacuum.

DOI
10.4236/jhepgc.2025.113064

Related papers

Schrödinger: The Brilliant Plumber Quantum Mechanics as Vacuum Hydrodynamics in the 23-Channel Structured Space

ALFREDO LUIS ACOSTA PADILLA

We demonstrate that the Schrödinger equation is not a fundamental axiom of quantum mechanics but rather the linearized Navier-Stokes equation for torsion flow in a 23-channel structured vacuum. Schrödinger, like a brilliant plumber, discovered the correct equations for how "something" flows through the vacuum's pipes—but without knowing what that something was. Born and Bohr later convinced the world that nothing actually flows, and that ψ represents only "probability amplitude"—thus creating an artificial mystery and abandoning physical reality. We restore the water to the pipes: ψ is the local torsion of the pre-geometric tensor field Ξ_μν, |ψ|² is energy density, e^(iθ) is the helical rotation angle in channel 23, and the "probability current" j is actual hydrodynamic flow. All quantum "mysteries" (wave function collapse, superposition, tunneling, entanglement, uncertainty) emerge naturally from vacuum hydrodynamics without additional postulates. Quantum mechanics is not probabilistic—it is geometric fluid dynamics in disguise. We derive the Schrödinger equation from first principles, reinterpret all standard quantum phenomena as fluid behavior, and provide testable predictions distinguishing this framework from Copenhagen orthodoxy. Key results: (1) ψ = vacuum torsion field (physical, not probabilistic), (2) Schrödinger equation derived from Navier-Stokes, (3) quantum potential = pressure gradient, (4) momentum operator = helical screw geometry, (5) collapse = vortex stabilization at speed c, (6) entanglement = shared channel topology, (7) testable predictions: crystalline anisotropy (4% effect), vacuum viscosity (decoherence limit), propagation delays in entanglement. This work completes the demolition of Copenhagen interpretation and restores physical realism to quantum mechanics. The brilliant plumber (Schrödinger) gave us the pipes. We give you the blueprint.

•Jan 1, 2026•0 citations

Quantum Mechanics as Vacuum Micro-Hydrodynamics: Deterministic Wave Guidance, Quantized Circulation, and Phase-Geometrization

Reiner Entzminger

Within the Vacuum Condensate Dynamics Model (VCDM), quantum mechanics is not understood as a stochastic formalism in empty space, but as the deterministic micro-hydrodynamics of a superfluid continuum. Wave-particle duality, quantization, entanglement, and the measurement process are derived as direct physical consequences of quantized vortex structures, phase gradients, and non-linear pressure waves in the vacuum condensate. This document establishes the hydrodynamical reconstruction of the Schrödinger equation via the Madelung transformation, derives the Bohmian quantum potential as an elastic internal stress of the condensate, proves particle mass as localized circulation energy, and explains topological entanglement through quantized vortex filaments. Finally, it provides a comprehensive synthesis of the VCDM framework across Papers 1 through 10.

•Oct 16, 2026•0 citations

A New Theory on Electron Wave-Particle Duality

Nader Butto

A theory employing the vortex shape of the electron was presented to resolve the enigma of the wave-particle duality. Conventions such as “particle” and “wave” were used to describe the behavior of quantum objects such as electrons. A superfluid vacuum formed the base to describe the basic vortex structure and properties of the electron, whereas various formulations derived from hydrodynamic laws described the electron vortex circumference, radius, angular velocity and angular frequency, angular momentum (spin) and magnetic momentum. A vortex electron fully explained the associations between momentum and wave, and hydrodynamic laws were essential in deriving the energy and angular frequency of the electron. In general, an electron traveling in space possesses internal and external motions. To derive the angular frequency of its internal motion, the Compton wavelength was used to represent the length of one cycle of the internal motion that is equal to the circumference of the electron vortex. The angular frequency of the electron vortex was calculated to obtain the same value according to Planck’s theory. A traveling vortex electron has internal and external motions that create a three-dimensional helix trajectory. The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity of the electron is the resultant of its internal and external velocities, being equal to the internal velocity reduced by the Lorentz factor (whose essence is presented in a detailed formulation). The wavelength of the helix trajectory represents the distance traveled by a particle along its axis during one period of revolution around the axis, resulting in the same de Broglie wavelength that corresponds to the helix pitch of the helix. Mathematical formulations were presented to demonstrate the relation between the energy of the vortex and its angular frequency and de Broglie’s wavelength; furthermore, Compton’s and de Broglie’s wavelengths were also differentiated.

Journal of High Energy Physics Gravitation and Cosmology•Jan 1, 2020•15 citations

A Vortex-Based Interpretation of Quantum Entanglement: Bridging Classical Intuition and Quantum Reality

Nader Butto

Quantum entanglement represents one of the most profound and counterintuitive phenomena in modern physics, challenging our classical understanding of locality and causality. While the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics accurately predicts entanglement correlations, the lack of a physically intuitive mechanism has led to numerous interpretational difficulties and philosophical debates. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of existing interpretations of quantum entanglement, from the Copenhagen interpretation to many-worlds and hidden variable theories, highlighting their limitations and motivating a novel vortex-based interpretation grounded in the hydrodynamic behavior of a superfluid vacuum, drawing upon the author’s published work on electron, quark, and gravitational force dynamics. This vortex model provides a physically intuitive and causally consistent explanation for nonlocal correlations without invoking superluminal signaling, offering a bridge between classical physics and quantum mechanics. The proposed interpretation suggests that entangled particles are surface manifestations of deeper, coherent vortex structures within a continuous vacuum medium, analogous to connected vortices in a fluid system. This framework not only resolves the conceptual difficulties associated with “spooky action at a distance” but also provides a foundation for understanding quantum phenomena through classical hydrodynamic principles.

Journal of High Energy Physics Gravitation and Cosmology•Jan 1, 2026•0 citations

Helical Phase Geometry of Electrons: A Geometric

Natarajan T S

A geometric interpretation of electron dynamics is presentedbased on phase-coherent helical motion constrained by relativistic kinematics.Building on de Broglie’s concept of internal periodicity and theHamilton–Jacobi formulation of mechanics, the electron is modeled asan intrinsic light-speed helical trajectory whose axial pitch correspondsto the de Broglie wavelength and whose transverse scale is set by thereduced Compton length. Within this framework, spin-1/2 symmetry,magnetic moment, rest energy, and bound-state quantization emerge asinterconnected consequences of phase closure and geometric constraints,rather than as independent postulates. The formal operator structure ofquantum mechanics is recovered as a statistical description of ensemblesof phase-coherent helical trajectories, with momentum and energy operatorsarising as generators of spatial and temporal phase evolution. The frameworkprovides a geometric visualization of interference, tunneling, and quantumtransitions, while remaining fully consistent with the standard probabilisticpredictions of quantum mechanics and the Lorentz invariance of specialrelativity. The helical phase interpretation is intended as a conceptualand pedagogical complement to orthodox formalisms, offering physicalintuition for otherwise abstract quantum structures without modifying theirmathematical foundations. Thus, this work does not propose a modificationof quantum theory, but offers a geometric interpretation of its formal structures aimed at clarifying their physical content.

•Jul 21, 2026•0 citations

Helical Phase Geometry of Electrons: A Geometric

Natarajan T S

A geometric interpretation of electron dynamics is presentedbased on phase-coherent helical motion constrained by relativistic kinematics.Building on de Broglie’s concept of internal periodicity and theHamilton–Jacobi formulation of mechanics, the electron is modeled asan intrinsic light-speed helical trajectory whose axial pitch correspondsto the de Broglie wavelength and whose transverse scale is set by thereduced Compton length. Within this framework, spin-1/2 symmetry,magnetic moment, rest energy, and bound-state quantization emerge asinterconnected consequences of phase closure and geometric constraints,rather than as independent postulates. The formal operator structure ofquantum mechanics is recovered as a statistical description of ensemblesof phase-coherent helical trajectories, with momentum and energy operatorsarising as generators of spatial and temporal phase evolution. The frameworkprovides a geometric visualization of interference, tunneling, and quantumtransitions, while remaining fully consistent with the standard probabilisticpredictions of quantum mechanics and the Lorentz invariance of specialrelativity. The helical phase interpretation is intended as a conceptualand pedagogical complement to orthodox formalisms, offering physicalintuition for otherwise abstract quantum structures without modifying theirmathematical foundations. Thus, this work does not propose a modificationof quantum theory, but offers a geometric interpretation of its formal structuresaimed at clarifying their physical content.

•Feb 28, 2026•0 citations
This article proposes a deterministic and geometrically grounded reformulation of quantum mechanics based on vortex dynamics in a structured, superfluid-like vacuum. Modeling the electron as a self-sustaining irrotational vortex with both internal rotation and external translation, the framework derives fundamental quantum phenomena—including de Broglie wavelength, Compton wavelength, spin, and quantization—directly from physical principles of motion and vacuum geometry. A generalized wave function is introduced, embedding both translational and rotational phase components, leading to a modified Schrödinger-like equation that naturally incorporates internal angular momentum. Interference, tunneling, and entanglement are reinterpreted as emergent behaviors of coherent vortex trajectories, eliminating the need for wavefunction collapse or intrinsic randomness. The Born rule is shown to arise from deterministic mechanisms such as phase averaging, internal oscillations, and ergodic dynamics. This vortex model aligns with classical, quantum, and relativistic principles, resolves key interpretational paradoxes, and offers a unified, causal framework for understanding quantum phenomena as structured motion within a physically real vacuum.
We demonstrate that the Schrödinger equation is not a fundamental axiom of quantum mechanics but rather the linearized Navier-Stokes equation for torsion flow in a 23-channel structured vacuum. Schrödinger, like a brilliant plumber, discovered the correct equations for how "something" flows through the vacuum's pipes—but without knowing what that something was. Born and Bohr later convinced the world that nothing actually flows, and that ψ represents only "probability amplitude"—thus creating an artificial mystery and abandoning physical reality. We restore the water to the pipes: ψ is the local torsion of the pre-geometric tensor field Ξ_μν, |ψ|² is energy density, e^(iθ) is the helical rotation angle in channel 23, and the "probability current" j is actual hydrodynamic flow. All quantum "mysteries" (wave function collapse, superposition, tunneling, entanglement, uncertainty) emerge naturally from vacuum hydrodynamics without additional postulates. Quantum mechanics is not probabilistic—it is geometric fluid dynamics in disguise. We derive the Schrödinger equation from first principles, reinterpret all standard quantum phenomena as fluid behavior, and provide testable predictions distinguishing this framework from Copenhagen orthodoxy. Key results: (1) ψ = vacuum torsion field (physical, not probabilistic), (2) Schrödinger equation derived from Navier-Stokes, (3) quantum potential = pressure gradient, (4) momentum operator = helical screw geometry, (5) collapse = vortex stabilization at speed c, (6) entanglement = shared channel topology, (7) testable predictions: crystalline anisotropy (4% effect), vacuum viscosity (decoherence limit), propagation delays in entanglement. This work completes the demolition of Copenhagen interpretation and restores physical realism to quantum mechanics. The brilliant plumber (Schrödinger) gave us the pipes. We give you the blueprint.
Within the Vacuum Condensate Dynamics Model (VCDM), quantum mechanics is not understood as a stochastic formalism in empty space, but as the deterministic micro-hydrodynamics of a superfluid continuum. Wave-particle duality, quantization, entanglement, and the measurement process are derived as direct physical consequences of quantized vortex structures, phase gradients, and non-linear pressure waves in the vacuum condensate. This document establishes the hydrodynamical reconstruction of the Schrödinger equation via the Madelung transformation, derives the Bohmian quantum potential as an elastic internal stress of the condensate, proves particle mass as localized circulation energy, and explains topological entanglement through quantized vortex filaments. Finally, it provides a comprehensive synthesis of the VCDM framework across Papers 1 through 10.
A theory employing the vortex shape of the electron was presented to resolve the enigma of the wave-particle duality. Conventions such as “particle” and “wave” were used to describe the behavior of quantum objects such as electrons. A superfluid vacuum formed the base to describe the basic vortex structure and properties of the electron, whereas various formulations derived from hydrodynamic laws described the electron vortex circumference, radius, angular velocity and angular frequency, angular momentum (spin) and magnetic momentum. A vortex electron fully explained the associations between momentum and wave, and hydrodynamic laws were essential in deriving the energy and angular frequency of the electron. In general, an electron traveling in space possesses internal and external motions. To derive the angular frequency of its internal motion, the Compton wavelength was used to represent the length of one cycle of the internal motion that is equal to the circumference of the electron vortex. The angular frequency of the electron vortex was calculated to obtain the same value according to Planck’s theory. A traveling vortex electron has internal and external motions that create a three-dimensional helix trajectory. The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity of the electron is the resultant of its internal and external velocities, being equal to the internal velocity reduced by the Lorentz factor (whose essence is presented in a detailed formulation). The wavelength of the helix trajectory represents the distance traveled by a particle along its axis during one period of revolution around the axis, resulting in the same de Broglie wavelength that corresponds to the helix pitch of the helix. Mathematical formulations were presented to demonstrate the relation between the energy of the vortex and its angular frequency and de Broglie’s wavelength; furthermore, Compton’s and de Broglie’s wavelengths were also differentiated.
Quantum entanglement represents one of the most profound and counterintuitive phenomena in modern physics, challenging our classical understanding of locality and causality. While the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics accurately predicts entanglement correlations, the lack of a physically intuitive mechanism has led to numerous interpretational difficulties and philosophical debates. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of existing interpretations of quantum entanglement, from the Copenhagen interpretation to many-worlds and hidden variable theories, highlighting their limitations and motivating a novel vortex-based interpretation grounded in the hydrodynamic behavior of a superfluid vacuum, drawing upon the author’s published work on electron, quark, and gravitational force dynamics. This vortex model provides a physically intuitive and causally consistent explanation for nonlocal correlations without invoking superluminal signaling, offering a bridge between classical physics and quantum mechanics. The proposed interpretation suggests that entangled particles are surface manifestations of deeper, coherent vortex structures within a continuous vacuum medium, analogous to connected vortices in a fluid system. This framework not only resolves the conceptual difficulties associated with “spooky action at a distance” but also provides a foundation for understanding quantum phenomena through classical hydrodynamic principles.
A geometric interpretation of electron dynamics is presentedbased on phase-coherent helical motion constrained by relativistic kinematics.Building on de Broglie’s concept of internal periodicity and theHamilton–Jacobi formulation of mechanics, the electron is modeled asan intrinsic light-speed helical trajectory whose axial pitch correspondsto the de Broglie wavelength and whose transverse scale is set by thereduced Compton length. Within this framework, spin-1/2 symmetry,magnetic moment, rest energy, and bound-state quantization emerge asinterconnected consequences of phase closure and geometric constraints,rather than as independent postulates. The formal operator structure ofquantum mechanics is recovered as a statistical description of ensemblesof phase-coherent helical trajectories, with momentum and energy operatorsarising as generators of spatial and temporal phase evolution. The frameworkprovides a geometric visualization of interference, tunneling, and quantumtransitions, while remaining fully consistent with the standard probabilisticpredictions of quantum mechanics and the Lorentz invariance of specialrelativity. The helical phase interpretation is intended as a conceptualand pedagogical complement to orthodox formalisms, offering physicalintuition for otherwise abstract quantum structures without modifying theirmathematical foundations. Thus, this work does not propose a modificationof quantum theory, but offers a geometric interpretation of its formal structures aimed at clarifying their physical content.
A geometric interpretation of electron dynamics is presentedbased on phase-coherent helical motion constrained by relativistic kinematics.Building on de Broglie’s concept of internal periodicity and theHamilton–Jacobi formulation of mechanics, the electron is modeled asan intrinsic light-speed helical trajectory whose axial pitch correspondsto the de Broglie wavelength and whose transverse scale is set by thereduced Compton length. Within this framework, spin-1/2 symmetry,magnetic moment, rest energy, and bound-state quantization emerge asinterconnected consequences of phase closure and geometric constraints,rather than as independent postulates. The formal operator structure ofquantum mechanics is recovered as a statistical description of ensemblesof phase-coherent helical trajectories, with momentum and energy operatorsarising as generators of spatial and temporal phase evolution. The frameworkprovides a geometric visualization of interference, tunneling, and quantumtransitions, while remaining fully consistent with the standard probabilisticpredictions of quantum mechanics and the Lorentz invariance of specialrelativity. The helical phase interpretation is intended as a conceptualand pedagogical complement to orthodox formalisms, offering physicalintuition for otherwise abstract quantum structures without modifying theirmathematical foundations. Thus, this work does not propose a modificationof quantum theory, but offers a geometric interpretation of its formal structuresaimed at clarifying their physical content.