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arXiv:1610.05477 · Physical Review A

Retardation effects in induced atomic dipole-dipole interactions

Sean Graham, J. M. McGuirk

Published Feb 3, 2017• 2 citations
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Abstract

We present mean-field calculations of azimuthally averaged retarded dipole-dipole interactions in a Bose-Einstein condensate induced by a laser, at both long and short wavelengths. Our calculations demonstrate that dipole-dipole interactions become significantly stronger at shorter wavelengths, by as much as 30-fold, due to retardation effects. This enhancement, along with the inclusion of the dynamic polarizability, indicate a method of inducing long-range interatomic interactions in neutral atom condensates at significantly lower intensities than previously realized.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.023602

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We present mean-field calculations of azimuthally averaged retarded dipole-dipole interactions in a Bose-Einstein condensate induced by a laser, at both long and short wavelengths. Our calculations demonstrate that dipole-dipole interactions become significantly stronger at shorter wavelengths, by as much as 30-fold, due to retardation effects. This enhancement, along with the inclusion of the dynamic polarizability, indicate a method of inducing long-range interatomic interactions in neutral atom condensates at significantly lower intensities than previously realized.
We study a gaseous atomic Bose–Einstein condensate with laser-induced dipole–dipole interactions using the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov theory within the Popov approximation. The dipolar interactions introduce long-range atom–atom correlations which manifest themselves as increased depletion at momenta similar to that of the laser wavelength, as well as a ‘roton’ dip in the excitation spectrum. Surprisingly, the roton dip and the corresponding peak in the depletion are enhanced by raising the temperature above absolute zero.
We have developed the quantum theory of the interaction of ultracold atomic ensemble with the electromagnetic field of vacuum and laser photons. The main attention is paid to the consistent consideration of dynamical dipole-dipole interactions in the case of the second quantized matter. We show that the retardation effects significantly influence the behavior of atomic ensemble in the radiation field. We have derived the general system of equations, which can be used for the investigation of various linear and nonlinear phenomena in atom optics. As an example, we have considered the diffraction of ultracold atomic beam by the standard laser wave. We show that with the increase of the initial density of the intensities of diffractions modes decrease. We also show that the angles of diffraction for different modes depend on the density.