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arXiv:1609.08236 · Physical Review A

Resonant transfer of large momenta from finite-duration pulse sequences

J. Fekete, Shijie Chai, S. A. Gardiner, Mikkel F. Andersen

Published Mar 1, 2017• 5 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally investigate the atom optics kicked particle at quantum resonance using finite duration kicks. Even though the underlying process is quantum interference, it can be well described by an $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-pseudoclassical model. The $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-pseudoclassical model agrees well with our experiments for a wide range of parameters. We investigate the parameters yielding maximal momentum transfer to the atoms and find that this occurs in the regime where neither the short pulse approximation nor the Bragg condition is valid. Nonetheless, the momentum transferred to the atoms can be predicted using a simple scaling law, which provides a powerful tool for choosing optimal experimental parameters. We demonstrate this in a measurement of the Talbot time (from which $h/M$ can be deduced), in which we coherently split atomic wave functions into superpositions of momentum states that differ by 200 photon recoils. Our work may provide a convenient way to implement large momentum difference beam splitters in atom interferometers.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.033601

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We experimentally investigate the atom optics kicked particle at quantum resonance using finite duration kicks. Even though the underlying process is quantum interference, it can be well described by an \ensuremathϵ\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremathϵ-pseudoclassical model. The \ensuremathϵ\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremathϵ-pseudoclassical model agrees well with our experiments for a wide range of parameters. We investigate the parameters yielding maximal momentum transfer to the atoms and find that this occurs in the regime where neither the short pulse approximation nor the Bragg condition is valid. Nonetheless, the momentum transferred to the atoms can be predicted using a simple scaling law, which provides a powerful tool for choosing optimal experimental parameters. We demonstrate this in a measurement of the Talbot time (from which h/Mh/Mh/M can be deduced), in which we coherently split atomic wave functions into superpositions of momentum states that differ by 200 photon recoils. Our work may provide a convenient way to implement large momentum difference beam splitters in atom interferometers.
We investigate an atom interferometer in which large momentum differences between the arms are obtained by using quantum resonances in the atom-optics $\ensuremath{\delta}$-kicked rotor. The interferometer can potentially measure the Talbot time (from which h/mh/mh/m can be deduced) and the local gravitational field or can serve as a narrow velocity filter. We present an analytical analysis in the short pulse limit and a numerical investigation for finite pulse durations. The sensitivity of the interferometer is improved by a moderate violation of the short pulse limit. Remarkably simple relations predict the optimal pulse duration and the sensitivity of the interferometer.
Atom interferometers are a useful tool for precision measurements of fundamental physical phenomena, ranging from the local gravitational-field strength to the atomic fine-structure constant. In such experiments, it is desirable to implement a high-momentum-transfer ``beam splitter,'' which may be achieved by inducing quantum resonance in a finite-temperature laser-driven atomic gas. We use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate these quantum resonances in the regime where the gas receives laser pulses of finite duration and derive an $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-classical model for the dynamics of the gas atoms which is capable of reproducing quantum resonant behavior for both zero-temperature and finite-temperature noninteracting gases. We show that this model agrees well with the fully quantum treatment of the system over a time scale set by the choice of experimental parameters. We also show that this model is capable of correctly treating the time-reversal mechanism necessary for implementing an interferometer with this physical configuration and that it explains an unexpected universality in the dynamics.
The study of quantum resonances in the chaotic atom-optics kicked rotor system is of interest from two different perspectives. In quantum chaos, it marks out the regime of resonant quantum dynamics in which the atomic cloud displays ballistic mean energy growth due to coherent momentum transfer. Secondly, the sharp quantum resonance peaks are useful in the context of measurement of Talbot time, one of the parameter that helps in precise measurement of fine structure constant. Most of the earlier works rely on fidelity based approach and have proposed Talbot time measurement through experimental determination of the momentum space probability density of the periodically kicked atomic cloud. Fidelity approach has the disadvantage that phase reversed kicks need to be imparted as well which potentially leads to dephasing. In contrast to this, in this work, it is theoretically shown that, without manipulating the kick sequences, the quantum resonances through position space density can be measured more accurately and is experimentally feasible as well.
In this thesis we investigate the diffraction of cold atomic gases by optical lattices. Of particular interest to atom interferometry is the implementation of a high momentum-transfer ``beam-splitter,'' which may be achieved by inducing quantum resonance in such an atomic gas. We use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate these quantum resonances in the regime where the gas receives laser pulses of finite duration, and demonstrate that an ϵ\epsilonϵ-pseudoclassical model for the dynamics of the gas atoms reproduces quantum resonant behavior for both zero-temperature and finite-temperature non-interacting gases. We show that this model agrees well with the fully quantum treatment of the system over a timescale set by the choice of experimental parameters. In similar setups, the depth of a laser lattice may be measured by exposing an atomic gas to a series of off-resonant laser-standing-wave pulses, and fitting theoretical predictions for the population found in each of the allowed momentum states. We present an analytic model for the time evolution of the atomic populations of the lowest momentum-states, which is sufficient for a weak lattice, as well as numerical simulations incorporating higher momentum states for both relatively strong and weak lattices at zero and finite temperature. We propose a new approach to characterizing the depths of optical lattices, in which an atomic gas is given a finite initial momentum, leading to high amplitude oscillations in the zeroth diffraction order which are robust to finite-temperature effects. We present a zero-temperature analytic formula describing such oscillations, extend it to include atoms with initial momenta detuned from our chosen initial value, and analyze the full finite-temperature response.
We report here on the realization of light-pulse atom interferometers with large-momentum-transfer atom optics based on a sequence of Bragg transitions. We demonstrate momentum splitting up to 200 photon recoils in an ultracold atom interferometer. We highlight a new mechanism of destructive interference of the losses leading to a sizable efficiency enhancement of the beam splitters. We perform a comprehensive study of parasitic interferometers due to the inherent multiport feature of the quasi-Bragg pulses. Finally, we experimentally verify the phase shift enhancement and characterize the interferometer visibility loss.