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arXiv:1608.03221 · Review of Scientific Instruments

Compact setup for the production of 87Rb |F= 2,mF= + 2〉 Bose-Einstein condensates in a hybrid trap

Raffaele Nolli, Michela Venturelli, Luca Marmugi, Arne Wickenbrock, Ferruccio Renzoni

Published Aug 1, 2016• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a compact experimental apparatus for Bose-Einstein condensation of (87)Rb in the |F = 2, mF = + 2〉 state. A pre-cooled atomic beam of (87)Rb is obtained by using an unbalanced magneto-optical trap, allowing controlled transfer of trapped atoms from the first vacuum chamber to the science chamber. Here, atoms are transferred to a hybrid trap, as produced by overlapping a magnetic quadrupole trap with a far-detuned optical trap with crossed beam configuration, where forced radiofrequency evaporation is realized. The final evaporation leading to Bose-Einstein condensation is then performed by exponentially lowering the optical trap depth. Control and stabilization systems of the optical trap beams are discussed in detail. The setup reliably produces a pure condensate in the |F = 2, mF = + 2〉 state in 50 s, which includes 33 s loading of the science magneto-optical trap and 17 s forced evaporation.

DOI
10.1063/1.4960395

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We present a compact experimental apparatus for Bose-Einstein condensation of (87)Rb in the |F = 2, mF = + 2〉 state. A pre-cooled atomic beam of (87)Rb is obtained by using an unbalanced magneto-optical trap, allowing controlled transfer of trapped atoms from the first vacuum chamber to the science chamber. Here, atoms are transferred to a hybrid trap, as produced by overlapping a magnetic quadrupole trap with a far-detuned optical trap with crossed beam configuration, where forced radiofrequency evaporation is realized. The final evaporation leading to Bose-Einstein condensation is then performed by exponentially lowering the optical trap depth. Control and stabilization systems of the optical trap beams are discussed in detail. The setup reliably produces a pure condensate in the |F = 2, mF = + 2〉 state in 50 s, which includes 33 s loading of the science magneto-optical trap and 17 s forced evaporation.
We present a compact experimental apparatus for Bose-Einstein condensation of 87Rb in the |F = 2, mF = + 2〉 state. A pre-cooled atomic beam of 87Rb is obtained by using an unbalanced magneto-optical trap, allowing controlled transfer of trapped atoms from the first vacuum chamber to the science chamber. Here, atoms are transferred to a hybrid trap, as produced by overlapping a magnetic quadrupole trap with a far-detuned optical trap with crossed beam configuration, where forced radiofrequency evaporation is realized. The final evaporation leading to Bose-Einstein condensation is then performed by exponentially lowering the optical trap depth. Control and stabilization systems of the optical trap beams are discussed in detail. The setup reliably produces a pure condensate in the |F = 2, mF = + 2〉 state in 50 s, which includes 33 s loading of the science magneto-optical trap and 17 s forced evaporation.
We have realized Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of 87Rb in the F = 2, m F = 2 hyperfine substate in a hybrid trap, consisting of a quadrupole magnetic field and a single optical dipole beam. The symmetry axis of the quadrupole magnetic trap coincides with the optical beam axis, which gives stronger axial confinement than previous hybrid traps. After loading 2 × 106 atoms at 14 μK from a quadrupole magnetic trap into the hybrid trap, we perform efficient forced evaporation and reach the onset of BEC at a temperature of 0.5 μK and with 4 × 105 atoms. We also obtain thermal clouds of 1 × 106 atoms below 1 μK in a pure single beam optical dipole trap, by ramping down the magnetic field gradient after evaporative cooling in the hybrid trap.
In a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC), due to extremely low temperatures, wave functions of all particles in the system overlap and form a single macroscopic wavefunction. This brings quantum mechanical effects to the macroscopic scale and allows us to better understand known quantum mechanical laws and effects, as well as develop new ones. In addition to being of fundamental scientific interest, BEC can serve in practical applications, such as quantum metrology, atomic interferometry, and quantum information and communication. Here we describe our approach for producing BECs in 87Rb. To create atomic flux towards our science chamber, a 2-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D-MOT) with push beam is used. The initial atomic cloud is formed in 15s by 3D-MOT and consists of 1e9 atoms at 500uK. After the MOT, atoms are cooled with optical molasses to 50uK and transferred to a quadrupole magnetic trap, where radio-frequency (RF) induced evaporation is performed, which lowers temperature to 10uK. After RF evaporation, the atomic cloud is transferred to a crossed beams optical dipole trap (ODT). During evaporation in the ODT, the temperature is reduced below the critical temperature Tc=286nK, where condensation starts, and eventually reaches 40nK. As a result, a quasi-pure BEC with 1e5 87Rb atoms is formed. The complete sequence from the MOT loading to the BEC formation takes about 30s. Observations of the inversion of the aspect ratio of the cloud during free expansion and a bimodal velocity distribution prove quantum degeneracy. Presented in this thesis are the necessary background for understanding the experimental steps, a description of the schemes and technical details of our setup, and a characterizations of all the experimental steps.
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We describe an apparatus for quickly and simply producing 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates. It is based on a magnetic quadrupole trap and a red-detuned optical dipole trap. We collect atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and then capture the atoms in a magnetic quadrupole trap and force rf evaporation. We then transfer the resulting cold dense cloud into a spatially mode-matched optical dipole trap by lowering the quadrupole field gradient to below gravity. This technique combines the efficient capture of atoms from a MOT into a magnetic trap with the rapid evaporation of optical dipole traps; the approach is insensitive to the peak quadrupole gradient and the precise trapping beam waist. Our system reliably produces a condensate with $N\ensuremath{\approx}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms every 16 s.
We report on the production of large sodium Bose–Einstein condensates in a hybrid of magnetic quadrupole and optical dipole trap. With an optimized spin-flip Zeeman slower, 2 × 10 10 sodium atoms are captured in the magneto-optical trap (MOT). A long distance magnetic transfer setup moves the cold atom over 46 cm from the MOT chamber to the UHV science chamber, which provides great optical access and long conservative trap lifetime. After evaporative cooling in the hybrid trap, we produce nearly pure condensates of 1 × 10 7 atoms with lifetime of 80 s in the optical dipole trap.