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arXiv:1608.02363 · Physical Review A

Full-vortex flux qubit for charged-particle optics

Hiroshi Okamoto

Published Apr 26, 2018• 1 citation
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Abstract

We introduce a design of a superconducting flux qubit capable of holding a full magnetic flux quantum ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{0}$, which arguably is an essential property for applications in charged-particle optics. The qubit comprises a row of $N$ constituent qubits, which hold a fractional magnetic flux quantum ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{0}/N$. Insights from physics of the transverse-field Ising chain reveal that properly designed interaction between these constituent qubits enables their collective behavior while also maintaining the overall quantumness.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.042342

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Applied Physics Letters•Aug 23, 2021•13 citations
We introduce a design of a superconducting flux qubit capable of holding a full magnetic flux quantum \ensuremathϕ0{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{0}\ensuremathϕ0​, which arguably is an essential property for applications in charged-particle optics. The qubit comprises a row of NNN constituent qubits, which hold a fractional magnetic flux quantum \ensuremathϕ0/N{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{0}/N\ensuremathϕ0​/N. Insights from physics of the transverse-field Ising chain reveal that properly designed interaction between these constituent qubits enables their collective behavior while also maintaining the overall quantumness.
We introduce a design of a superconducting flux qubit capable of holding a full magnetic flux quantum ϕ0\phi_{0}ϕ0​, which arguably is an essential property for applications in charged particle optics. The qubit comprises a row of NNN constituent qubits, which hold a fractional magnetic flux quantum ϕ0/N\phi_{0}/Nϕ0​/N. Insights from physics of the transverse-field Ising chain reveal that properly designed interaction between these constituent qubits enables their collective behavior while also maintaining the overall quantumness.
A superconducting qubit device suitable for interacting with a flying electron has recently been proposed [Okamoto and Nagatani, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 062604 (2014)]. Either a clockwise or counterclockwise directed loop of half magnetic flux quantum encodes a qubit, which naturally interacts with any single charged particle with arbitrary kinetic energy. Here, the device's properties, sources of errors, and possible applications are studied in detail. In particular, applications include detection of a charged particle essentially without applying a classical force to it. Furthermore, quantum states can be transferred between an array of the proposed devices and the charged particle.
This thesis presents results of theoretical and experimental work on superconducting persistent-current flux quantum bits. These qubits are promising candidates for the implementation of scalable quantum information processing. This work focuses on the study of one dimensional chains of inductively coupled flux qubits and on qubits with a tunable energy gap. Chains of flux qubits can be used as models of quantum spin chains, one of the most basic systems in many-body physics that has been extensively studied theoretically. The ability to design and tune the qubit and coupling parameters enables exploration of different phase regimes during measurements, in parameter regimes that are not accessible with magnetic materials. The study of the dynamics of quantum waves in an artificial spin chain can also be used to explore novel quantum phenomena with possible applications in quantum computing. Tunability of the minimal energy splitting (the gap) enables one to rapidly bring the flux qubit in and out of resonance with other quantum systems, including a harmonic oscillator. With tunable qubits it also becomes possible to create inter-qubit couplings of different vector nature, using magnetic fluxes. This permits the design of various interaction Hamiltonians for multiple qubit systems. These operations can be performed at the degeneracy point of the qubit, where coherence properties are optimal. Therefore the tunable flux qubit provides an attractive component for the implementation of scalable quantum computation.
Here, we propose a scheme to generate a controllable Ising interaction between superconducting flux qubits. Existing schemes rely on inducting couplings to realize Ising interactions between flux qubits, and the interaction strength is controlled by an applied magnetic field On the other hand, we have found a way to generate an interaction between the flux qubits via capacitive couplings. This has an advantage in individual addressability, because we can control the interaction strength by changing an applied voltage that can be easily localized. This is a crucial step toward the realizing superconducting flux qubit quantum computation.
Superconducting quantum bits (qubits) and circuits are the leading candidate for the implementation of solid-state quantum computation. They have also been widely used in a variety of studies of quantum physics, atomic physics, quantum optics, and quantum simulation. In this article, we will present an overview of the basic principles of the superconducting qubits, including the phase, flux, charge, and transmon (Xmon) qubits, and the progress achieved so far concerning the improvements of the device design and quantum coherence property. Experimental studies in various research fields using the superconducting qubits and circuits will be briefly reviewed.
Flux qubits are among the first qubits that were ever demonstrated. They have some advantages when compared to capacitively shunted charge qubits, which are now commonly used for building prototypes of quantum processors. Specifically, flux qubits are intrinsically nonlinear systems and they remain so even with low charging energies, which is important for the suppression of large charge noise in solids. In spite of the clear advantages of flux qubits, their applications in multi-qubit devices—prototypes of quantum computers and simulators—are still limited. Flux qubits are also a very powerful tool for fundamental research. In this paper, we discuss the basic properties of flux qubits using the radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device geometry—the most fundamental realization of flux qubits. We also compare and analyze experimental realizations of flux qubits and propose further directions for research.