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arXiv:1607.02157 · Physical Review A

Manipulating matter waves in an optical superlattice

Brendan Reid, Maria Moreno-Cardoner, Jacob Friis Sherson, Gabriele De Chiara

Published Dec 22, 2016• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the potential for controlling a noninteracting Bose-Einstein condensate loaded into a one-dimensional optical superlattice. Our control strategy combines Bloch oscillations, originating from accelerating the lattice, with time-dependent control of the superlattice parameters. We investigate two experimentally viable scenarios, very low and very high potential depths, in order to gain a better understanding of matter wave control available within the system. Multiple lattice parameters and a versatile energy band structure allow us to obtain a wide range of control over energy band populations. Finally, we consider several examples of quantum state preparation in the superlattice structure that may be difficult to achieve in a regular lattice.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.94.063629

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We present a numerical study of dispersion manipulation and formation of matter-wave gap solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in an optical superlattice. We demonstrate a method for controlled generation of matter-wave gap solitons in a stationary lattice by using an interference pattern of two condensate wave packets, which mimics the structure of the gap soliton near the edge of a spectral band. The efficiency of this method is compared to that of gap soliton generation in a moving lattice recently demonstrated experimentally by Eiermann et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, 230401 (2004)]. We show that, by changing the relative depths of the superlattice wells, one can fine-tune the effective dispersion of the matter waves at the edges of the minigaps of the superlattice Bloch-wave spectrum and, therefore, effectively control both the peak density and the spatial width of the emerging gap solitons.
We report the possibility of steering gap solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates loaded in optical lattices by means of time-dependent nonlinearities, which allow one to control in a nondestructive manner both Bloch oscillations and Landau-Zener tunneling (i.e., Rabi oscillations) across band gaps. As an example we show how to move a matter-wave soliton in real and in reciprocal space from a lower to higher bands, avoiding dynamical instabilities. This opens the possibility of experimental access to gap solitons of higher bands and forcing of soliton motion through a lattice via the Feshbach resonance technique.
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Abstract We study the pumping of matter-wave solitons formed in Bose–Einstein condensates with attractive atomic interactions that are loaded into optical superlattices, in which one of the lattices is moving with respect to the other. We find that the matter-wave solitons exhibit lattice-parameter-dependent nonlinear integer (fractional) pumping and trapping. Different from the perspective of linear band Chern numbers, treating solitons as effective classical particles provides a good understanding of the quantized pumping or trapping. This reveals an unexpected insight: the nonlinear adiabatic pumping may be classical, and the quantization may be accidental, as dictated by the spatial period of the sliding sublattice. This alternative perspective on understanding soliton pumping highlights the parameter-dependent transition between soliton quantized pumping and trapping, and it exposes the nonlinear transition from a trapped soliton to a pumped soliton with increasing nonlinearity, which has never been reported before.