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arXiv:2401.09148

Controlled pumping of matter-wave solitons in a one-dimensional optical superlattice

Xiaoxiao Hu, Zhiqiang Li, Aixi Chen, Xiaobing Luo

Published Jan 17, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study the pumping of matter-wave solitons formed in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with attractive atomic interactions that are loaded into optical superlattices in which one of the lattices is moving with respect to the other. We find that solitons exhibit the remarkably similar pumping properties in both shallow and deep lattices, and that for exactly the same soliton initially excited, switching between integer (fractional) pumping and trapping can be achieved by simply adjusting the lattice parameters. In addition, we find that the gap solitons, which bifurcate from the lowest energy band in a semi-infinite band gap, also exhibit this lattice-parameter-dependent pumping and trapping. The treatment of solitons as classical particles with effective centre-of-mass equations of motion provides a good description of this parameter-dependent integer (fractional) pumping and trapping of solitons.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2401.09148

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Abstract We study the pumping of matter-wave solitons formed in Bose–Einstein condensates with attractive atomic interactions that are loaded into optical superlattices, in which one of the lattices is moving with respect to the other. We find that the matter-wave solitons exhibit lattice-parameter-dependent nonlinear integer (fractional) pumping and trapping. Different from the perspective of linear band Chern numbers, treating solitons as effective classical particles provides a good understanding of the quantized pumping or trapping. This reveals an unexpected insight: the nonlinear adiabatic pumping may be classical, and the quantization may be accidental, as dictated by the spatial period of the sliding sublattice. This alternative perspective on understanding soliton pumping highlights the parameter-dependent transition between soliton quantized pumping and trapping, and it exposes the nonlinear transition from a trapped soliton to a pumped soliton with increasing nonlinearity, which has never been reported before.
In this work we show that the properties of both bright and dark Bose‐Einstein condensate (BEC) solitons trapped in optical superlattices can be controlled by changing the shape of the trapping potential whilst maintaining a constant periodicity and lattice height. Using this method we can control the properties of bright gap solitons by dispersion management. We can also control the interactions between dark lattice solitons. In addition we demonstrate a method for controlled generation of matter‐wave gap solitons in stationary optical lattices by interfering two condensate wavepackets, producing a single wavepacket at a gap edge with properties similar to a gap soliton. As this wavepacket evolves, it forms a bright gap soliton.
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We overview our recent theoretical studies on nonlinear atom optics of the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) loaded into optical lattices. In particular, we describe the band-gap spectrum and nonlinear localization of BECs in one- and two-dimensional optical lattices. We discuss the structure and stability properties of spatially localized states (matter-wave solitons) in 1D lattices, as well as trivial and vortex-like bound states of 2D gap solitons. To highlight similarities between the behavior of coherent light and matter waves in periodic potentials, we draw useful parallels with the physics of coherent light waves in nonlinear photonic crystals and optically-induced photonic lattices.
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