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arXiv:1606.08823 · Entropy

Quantum Hysteresis in Coupled Light–Matter Systems

Fernando J. Gómez-Ruiz, Oscar L. Acevedo, Luis Quiroga, Ferney J. Rodríguez, Neil F. Johnson

Published Sep 7, 2016• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the non-equilibrium quantum dynamics of a canonical light–matter system—namely, the Dicke model—when the light–matter interaction is ramped up and down through a cycle across the quantum phase transition. Our calculations reveal a rich set of dynamical behaviors determined by the cycle times, ranging from the slow, near adiabatic regime through to the fast, sudden quench regime. As the cycle time decreases, we uncover a crossover from an oscillatory exchange of quantum information between light and matter that approaches a reversible adiabatic process, to a dispersive regime that generates large values of light–matter entanglement. The phenomena uncovered in this work have implications in quantum control, quantum interferometry, as well as in quantum information theory.

DOI
10.3390/e18090319

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We investigate the non-equilibrium quantum dynamics of a canonical light–matter system—namely, the Dicke model—when the light–matter interaction is ramped up and down through a cycle across the quantum phase transition. Our calculations reveal a rich set of dynamical behaviors determined by the cycle times, ranging from the slow, near adiabatic regime through to the fast, sudden quench regime. As the cycle time decreases, we uncover a crossover from an oscillatory exchange of quantum information between light and matter that approaches a reversible adiabatic process, to a dispersive regime that generates large values of light–matter entanglement. The phenomena uncovered in this work have implications in quantum control, quantum interferometry, as well as in quantum information theory.
High precision macroscopic quantum control in interacting light–matter systems remains a significant goal toward novel information processing and ultra-precise metrology. We show that the out-of-equilibrium behavior of a paradigmatic light–matter system (Dicke model) reveals two successive stages of enhanced quantum correlations beyond the traditional schemes of near-adiabatic and sudden quenches. The first stage features magnification of matter-only and light-only entanglement and squeezing due to effective nonlinear self-interactions. The second stage results from a highly entangled light–matter state, with enhanced superradiance and signatures of chaotic and highly quantum states. We show that these new effects scale up consistently with matter system size, and are reliable even in dissipative environments.
Abstract The ability to modify light−matter coupling in time (e.g. using external pulses) opens up the exciting possibility of generating and probing new aspects of quantum correlations in many-body light–matter systems. Here we study the impact of such a pulsed coupling on the light–matter entanglement in the Dicke model as well as the respective subsystem quantum dynamics. Our dynamical many-body analysis exploits the natural partition between the radiation and matter degrees of freedom, allowing us to explore time-dependent intra-subsystem quantum correlations by means of squeezing parameters, and the inter-subsystem Schmidt gap for different pulse duration (i.e. ramping velocity) regimes—from the near adiabatic to the sudden quench limits. Our results reveal that both types of quantities indicate the emergence of the superradiant phase when crossing the quantum critical point. In addition, at the end of the pulse light and matter remain entangled even though they become uncoupled, which could be exploited to generate entangled states in non-interacting systems.
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We study the quantum phase diagram and the onset of quantum critical phenomena in a generalized Dicke model that includes collective qubit-qubit interactions. By employing semiclassical techniques, we analyze the corresponding classical energy surfaces, fixed points, and the smooth Density of States as a function of the Hamiltonian parameters to determine quantum phase transitions in either the ground (QPT) or excited states (ESQPT). We unveil a rich phase diagram, the presence of new phases, and new transitions that result from varying the strength of the qubits interactions in independent canonical directions. We also find a correspondence between the phases emerging due to qubit interactions and those in their absence but with varying the strength of the non-resonant terms in the light-matter coupling. We expect our work to pave the way and stimulate the exploration of quantum criticality in systems combining matter-matter and light-matter interactions.
Control and manipulation of quantum engineered systems allows for the utilization of time-dependent parametric modulations for accessing novel out-of-equilibrium phenomena. In the absence of such driving, the dissipative Dicke model exhibits a fascinating out-of-equilibrium many-body phase transition as a function of a coupling between a driven photonic cavity and numerous two-level atoms. We study the effect of a parametric modulation of this coupling and discover a rich phase diagram as a function of the modulation strength. We find that in addition to the established normal and super-radiant phases, a new phase with pulsed superradiance, which we term dynamical normal phase, appears when the system is parametrically driven. Employing different methods, we characterize the different phases and the transitions between them. Specific heed is paid to the role of dissipation in determining the phase boundaries. Our analysis paves the road for the experimental study of dynamically stabilized phases of interacting light and matter.
A significant problem facing next-generation quantum technologies is how to generate and manipulate macroscopic entanglement in light and matter systems. Here we report a regime of dynamical light-matter behavior in which a giant, system-wide entanglement is generated by varying the light-matter coupling at intermediate velocities. This enhancement is far larger, broader ranged, and more experimentally accessible than that occurring near the quantum phase transition of the same model under adiabatic conditions. By appropriate choices of the coupling within this intermediate regime, the enhanced entanglement can be made to spread system-wide or to reside in each subsystem separately.