arXiv:1605.03211 · Physical Review X

Long-Lived Spin-Orbit-Coupled Degenerate Dipolar Fermi Gas

Nathaniel Burdick, Yijun Tang, Benjamin Lev

Published Aug 17, 2016• 125 citations

Abstract

Observing the effects of quantum phenomena requires relatively long state lifetimes. In a new experiment, ultracold dysprosium atoms are used to demonstrate that spin-orbit coupling persists for 10 to 100 times longer than in other atoms.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.6.031022

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arXiv:1605.03211 · Physical Review X

Long-Lived Spin-Orbit-Coupled Degenerate Dipolar Fermi Gas

Nathaniel Burdick, Yijun Tang, Benjamin Lev

Published Aug 17, 2016• 125 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.6.031022

Related papers

A long-lived spin-orbit-coupled dipolar Fermi gas

Yijun Tang, Nathaniel Burdick, Wil Kao +1 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMay 26, 20160 citations

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Han Zhang, Wenwei Wang, Chang Qiao +6 more

The realization of spin-orbit-coupled ultracold gases has driven a wide range of research and is typically based on the rotating wave approximation (RWA). By neglecting the counter-rotating terms, RWA characterizes a single near-resonant spin-orbit (SO) coupling in a two-level system. Here, we propose and experimentally realize a new scheme for achieving a pair of two-dimensional (2D) SO couplings for ultracold fermions beyond RWA. This work not only realizes the first anomalous Floquet topological Fermi gas beyond RWA, but also significantly improves the lifetime of the 2D-SO-coupled Fermi gas. Based on pump-probe quench measurements, we observe a deterministic phase relation between two sets of SO couplings, which is characteristic of our beyond-RWA scheme and enables the two SO couplings to be simultaneously tuned to the optimum 2D configurations. We observe intriguing band topology by measuring two-ring band-inversion surfaces, quantitatively consistent with a Floquet topological Fermi gas in the regime of high Chern numbers. Our study can open an avenue to explore exotic SO physics and anomalous topological states based on long-lived SO-coupled ultracold fermions.The realization of spin-orbit-coupled ultracold gases has driven a wide range of research and is typically based on the rotating wave approximation (RWA). By neglecting the counter-rotating terms, RWA characterizes a single near-resonant spin-orbit (SO) coupling in a two-level system. Here, we propose and experimentally realize a new scheme for achieving a pair of two-dimensional (2D) SO couplings for ultracold fermions beyond RWA. This work not only realizes the first anomalous Floquet topological Fermi gas beyond RWA, but also significantly improves the lifetime of the 2D-SO-coupled Fermi gas. Based on pump-probe quench measurements, we observe a deterministic phase relation between two sets of SO couplings, which is characteristic of our beyond-RWA scheme and enables the two SO couplings to be simultaneously tuned to the optimum 2D configurations. We observe intriguing band topology by measuring two-ring band-inversion surfaces, quantitatively consistent with a Floquet topological Fermi gas in the regime of high Chern numbers. Our study can open an avenue to explore exotic SO physics and anomalous topological states based on long-lived SO-coupled ultracold fermions.

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We demonstrate all-optical implementation of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in a two-electron Fermi gas of $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms by coupling two hyperfine ground states with a narrow optical transition. Due to the $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ symmetry of the $^{1}S_{0}$ ground-state manifold which is insensitive to external magnetic fields, an optical ac Stark effect is applied to split the ground spin states, which exhibits a high stability compared with experiments on alkali-metal and lanthanide atoms, and separate out an effective spin- $\frac{1}{2}$ subspace from other hyperfine levels for the realization of SOC. The dephasing spin dynamics when a momentum-dependent spin-orbit gap is suddenly opened and the asymmetric momentum distribution of the spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas are observed as a hallmark of SOC. The realization of all-optical SOC for ytterbium fermions should offer a route to a long-lived spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas and greatly expand our capability of studying spin-orbit physics with alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms.We demonstrate all-optical implementation of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in a two-electron Fermi gas of $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms by coupling two hyperfine ground states with a narrow optical transition. Due to the $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ symmetry of the $^{1}S_{0}$ ground-state manifold which is insensitive to external magnetic fields, an optical ac Stark effect is applied to split the ground spin states, which exhibits a high stability compared with experiments on alkali-metal and lanthanide atoms, and separate out an effective spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ subspace from other hyperfine levels for the realization of SOC. The dephasing spin dynamics when a momentum-dependent spin-orbit gap is suddenly opened and the asymmetric momentum distribution of the spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas are observed as a hallmark of SOC. The realization of all-optical SOC for ytterbium fermions should offer a route to a long-lived spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas and greatly expand our capability of studying spin-orbit physics with alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms.

arXiv:1608.00478Physical Review ADec 27, 201685 citations

We demonstrate all-optical implementation of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in a two-electron Fermi gas of

^{173}\mathrm{Yb}

atoms by coupling two hyperfine ground states with a narrow optical transition. Due to the

\mathrm{SU}(N)

symmetry of the

^{1}S_{0}

ground-state manifold which is insensitive to external magnetic fields, an optical ac Stark effect is applied to split the ground spin states, which exhibits a high stability compared with experiments on alkali-metal and lanthanide atoms, and separate out an effective spin-

\frac{1}{2}

subspace from other hyperfine levels for the realization of SOC. The dephasing spin dynamics when a momentum-dependent spin-orbit gap is suddenly opened and the asymmetric momentum distribution of the spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas are observed as a hallmark of SOC. The realization of all-optical SOC for ytterbium fermions should offer a route to a long-lived spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas and greatly expand our capability of studying spin-orbit physics with alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms.