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arXiv:1605.00315 · Communications in Mathematical Physics

Universal Preparability of States and Asymptotic Completeness

Rolf Gohm, Florian Haag, Burkhard Kümmerer

Published Mar 6, 2017• 2 citations

Abstract

We introduce a notion of universal preparability for a state of a system, more precisely: for a normal state on a von Neumann algebra. It describes a situation where from an arbitrary initial state it is possible to prepare a target state with arbitrary precision by a repeated interaction with a sequence of copies of another system. For $${\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})}$$ we give criteria sufficient to ensure that all normal states are universally preparable which can be verified for a class of non-commutative birth and death processes realized, in particular, by the interaction of a micromaser with a stream of atoms. As a tool, the theory of tight sequences of states and of stationary states is further developed and we show that in the presence of stationary faithful normal states universal preparability of all normal states is equivalent to asymptotic completeness, a notion studied earlier in connection with the scattering theory of non-commutative Markov processes.

DOI: 10.1007/s00220-017-2851-8

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We introduce a notion of universal preparability for a state of a system, more precisely: for a normal state on a von Neumann algebra. It describes a situation where from an arbitrary initial state it is possible to prepare a target state with arbitrary precision by a repeated interaction with a sequence of copies of another system. For

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we give criteria sufficient to ensure that all normal states are universally preparable which can be verified for a class of non-commutative birth and death processes realized, in particular, by the interaction of a micromaser with a stream of atoms. As a tool, the theory of tight sequences of states and of stationary states is further developed and we show that in the presence of stationary faithful normal states universal preparability of all normal states is equivalent to asymptotic completeness, a notion studied earlier in connection with the scattering theory of non-commutative Markov processes.

A parametrized family of normal states on a von Neumann algebra is called a statistical experiment, which generalizes the corresponding concepts in classical statistics and finite-dimensional quantum systems. We introduce randomization preorder and equivalence relations for statistical experiments with a fixed parameter set and for normal channels with a fixed input space by post-processing completely positive channels. In this paper, we prove that the set of equivalence classes of statistical experiments or those of normal channels is an upper and lower directed-complete partially ordered set with respect to the randomization order, i.e. any increasing or decreasing net of statistical experiments or channels has its supremum or infimum in the randomization order. We also show that if the outcome space of each statistical experiment or channel of a randomization-monotone net is commutative, the outcome space of the supremum or infimum can also be taken to be commutative. We consider two examples of homogeneous Markov processes of channels on infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert spaces, namely block-diagonalization with irrational translation and ideal quantum linear amplifier channels, and explicitly derive their infima. Throughout the paper, the concept of channel conjugation is used to obtain results for decreasing channels from those for increasing channels.

We study the sequential product the operation p∗q=pqp on the set of effects, [0, 1]𝒜, of a von Neumann algebra 𝒜 that represents sequential measurement of first p and then q. In their work [J. Math. Phys. 49(5), 052106 (2008)], Gudder and Latrémolière give a list of axioms based on physical grounds that completely determines the sequential product on a von Neumann algebra of type I, that is, a von Neumann algebra ℬ(ℋ) of all bounded operators on some Hilbert space ℋ. In this paper we give a list of axioms that completely determines the sequential product on all von Neumann algebras simultaneously (Theorem 4).

This paper characterises contiguity for families of states defined on a von Neumann algebra. It extends earlier research of my own published in [1], motivated by scattering theory and the celebrated work of Lucien Le Cam in classical probability. It is well-known that Le Cam did a major contribution to develop asymptotic methods in statistical decision theory, defining various new concepts, among them, contiguity of probability measures. In particular, contiguity of quantum states allows to explore different aspects of the large time behaviour of noncommutative Markov semigroups, among them, the super wave operator characterisation. I illustrate these results via quantum and classical examples of evolutions.

We consider an exact population transition, defined as the probability of finding a state at a final time that is exactly equal to the probability of another state at the initial time. We prove that, given a Hamiltonian, there always exists a complete set of orthogonal states that can be employed as time-zero states for which this exact population transition occurs. The result is general: It holds for arbitrary systems, arbitrary pairs of initial and final states, and for any time interval. The proposition is illustrated with several analytic models. In particular, we demonstrate that in some cases, by tuning the control parameters, a complete transition might occur, where a target state, vacant at

t=0

, is fully populated at time $\ensuremath{\tau}$.

We consider a class of quantum dissipative semigroup on a von-Neumann algebra which admits a normal invariant state. We investigate asymptotic behavior of the dissipative dynamics and their relation to that of the canonical Markov shift. In case the normal invariant state is also faithful, we also extend the notion of `quantum detailed balance' introduced by Frigerio-Gorini and prove that forward weak Markov process and backward weak Markov process are equivalent by an anti-unitary operator.