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arXiv:1604.07908 · Physical Review A

Spin-exchange collision mixing of the K and Rb ac Stark shifts

Yao Chen, Wei Quan, Lihong Duan, Yan Wu Lu, Liwei Jiang, Jiancheng Fang

Published Nov 28, 2016• 82 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In a hybrid pumping alkali-metal vapor cell filled with both K and Rb atoms, the K atom spins are optically pumped by the laser and the Rb atom spins are polarized by the K spins through spin exchange. We discovered that the ac Stark shift of the Rb atom spins, caused by the far-off-resonant pumping laser tuned to the K absorption lines, was mixed together with the ac Stark shift of the K atom spins through fast spin exchange. This mixing is studied and we demonstrate a K-Rb-$^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ comagnetometer in which the ac Stark shift of the Rb atom spins is eliminated by compensating for the Rb ac Stark shift with the K ac Stark shift. An ac Stark shift elimination method has been developed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.94.052705

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In a hybrid pumping alkali-metal vapor cell filled with both K and Rb atoms, the K atom spins are optically pumped by the laser and the Rb atom spins are polarized by the K spins through spin exchange. We discovered that the ac Stark shift of the Rb atom spins, caused by the far-off-resonant pumping laser tuned to the K absorption lines, was mixed together with the ac Stark shift of the K atom spins through fast spin exchange. This mixing is studied and we demonstrate a K-Rb-21Ne^{21}\mathrm{Ne}21Ne comagnetometer in which the ac Stark shift of the Rb atom spins is eliminated by compensating for the Rb ac Stark shift with the K ac Stark shift. An ac Stark shift elimination method has been developed.
The light shift generated by the circularly polarized light leads to an error in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) comagnetometer, since it turns the fluctuations of the pumping light frequency and intensity into a drift in the SERF comagnetometer. Moreover, the light shift is a source of cross-talk effect between the two sensitive axes. Firstly, the relationship between the vapor cell temperature and the total light shift felt by Rb atoms in the K-Rb hybrid pumping SERF comagnetometer is formulated and simulated. It is found that the total light shift is the result of the collision mixing of K and Rb ac Stark shifts and the increase of cell temperature makes the light shift of K felt by Rb dominate the total light shift. Furthermore, different from the method of adjusting the frequency of laser, a new method that suppresses the total light shift in hybrid pumping by adjusting the cell temperature is proposed and experimentally verified. The total light shift at 165.7°C is -0.00152 nT experimentally, which is 3 orders of magnitude smaller than that at 185.0°C, indicating that it can be suppressed effectively by adjusting the cell temperature. The method does not require any extra hardware or sacrifice the pumping efficiency and can be applied to suppress the error induced by the pumping light and the cross-talk effect between the axes. In addition, the relationship between total relaxation rate and cell temperature is briefly discussed.
We demonstrate spin-exchange optical pumping of 3He^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}3He using a ``hybrid'' K-Rb vapor mixture. The Rb atoms absorb light from a standard laser at 795 nm, then collisionally polarize the potassium atoms. Spin-exchange collisions of K and 3He^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}3He atoms then transfer the angular momentum to the 3He^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}3He with much greater efficiency than $\mathrm{R}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$. For a K-rich vapor, the efficiency of the hybrid spin-exchange collisions approaches 1/41/41/4, an order of magnitude greater than achieved by pure Rb pumping. We present the first measurements of actual photon efficiencies (polarized nuclei produced per absorbed photon), and show that a new parasitic absorption process limits the total efficiencies for both hybrid and pure Rb pumping.
Ne comagnetometer-cells at different temperatures, pump light powers, and mole fractions of K. The method was further verified by the conventional laser-absorption-spectroscopy method. The new approach has the advantage to measure the density ratio of the optically-thick hybrid alkali atoms, while requiring no additional magnetic field necessary for conventional magnetic-field induced Faraday-rotation techniques. It also has the advantage of in-situ measuring the density ratio under exactly the normal operation of the devices, which means that the errors caused by the heating-effect of the strong pump light and the temperature drift during long-term operation can be real-time monitored.
Abstract Collisions of alkali atoms in the ground state are accompanied by the exchange of electron polarization between the colliding atoms, which lead to the polarization transfer between particles. As a result of this process, the electronic orientation is transferred from the spin oriented atoms to unpolarized atoms, along with the polarization transfer, the magnetic resonance frequency shifts of polarized atoms occur too. In this work the magnetic resonance frequency shifts of arising from spin exchange collisions in a mixture of alkali potassium and rubidium atoms at the optical orientation of atoms are calculated. The situation when optical pumping by resonant polarized radiation is carried out only for atoms of the one kind is considered. The spin exchange process between alkali atoms was described in the formalism of the complex cross section for spin exchange process. The real and imaginary parts of the complex cross section were calculated using the interaction potentials of alkali atom dimers. The calculation of the frequency shifts is carried out on the basis of data on the interaction potentials for the following pairs of alkali atoms K-K, K-Rb and Rb-Rb. Maxwell averaging of the cross sections over the velocities was done and the temperature dependences of the magnetic resonance frequency shifts for K and Rb atoms were plotted.
We report investigations of spin exchange between 21Ne^{21}\mathrm{Ne}21Ne nuclei and optically pumped Rb vapor. Polarization of 30% (〈Kz〉=0.46〈{K}_{z}〉=0.46〈Kz​〉=0.46) of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1019{10}^{19}1019 atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ has been achieved with a vapor pressure of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1014{10}^{14}1014 atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ of Rb. This high density of alkali metal can be efficiently optically pumped only when light trapping is suppressed by inclusion of at least 100 Torr of N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​. In addition, we have made the first accurate measurement of the binary-collision spin-exchange rate: $〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ex}}v〉=(4.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3-${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Extension of these techniques to 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He has yielded 5% polarization of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1019{10}^{19}1019 atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in a preliminary experiment.
A dual-axis atomic comagnetometer can sense the angular rotation of two measurement axes simultaneously and independently. However, there is a cross-talk coupling effect between the two axes because of the residual magnetic field and the light shift arising from the pumping laser. Here, we propose a scheme to eliminate the rotation coupling of dual-axis K-Rb-N21e atomic comagnetometers. The residual magnetic field can be effectively removed by controlling the comagnetometer at the magnetic compensation point and the magnetic shielding layer. The light shift could be eliminated by using the K atom light shift to counteract the Rb atom light shift, in which the light shift of K atoms was optimized to the decoupling point by finely adjusting the pumping laser wavelength of the K D1 line. The feasibility and efficiency of this decoupling scheme have been experimentally verified. The output response of the coupling axis is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the sensitive axis. This scheme can also be applied to any atomic comagnetometer with hybrid optical pumping that experiences cross-talk coupling.