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arXiv:1604.05049 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Stern–Gerlach effect of multi-component ultraslow optical solitons via electromagnetically induced transparency

Zhiming Chen, Guoxiang Huang

Published Jul 23, 2013• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a scheme to exhibit a Stern–Gerlach effect of n-component (n>2) high-dimensional ultraslow optical solitons in a coherent atomic system with (n+1)-pod level configuration via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on Maxwell–Bloch equations, we derive coupled (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations governing the spatial-temporal evolution of n probe-field envelopes. We show that under EIT conditions significant deflections of the n components of coupled ultraslow optical solitons can be achieved by using a Stern–Gerlach gradient magnetic field. The stability of the ultraslow optical solitons can be realized by an optical lattice potential contributed from a far-detuned laser field.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.002248

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We propose a scheme to exhibit a Stern–Gerlach effect of n-component (n>2) high-dimensional ultraslow optical solitons in a coherent atomic system with (n+1)-pod level configuration via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on Maxwell–Bloch equations, we derive coupled (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations governing the spatial-temporal evolution of n probe-field envelopes. We show that under EIT conditions significant deflections of the n components of coupled ultraslow optical solitons can be achieved by using a Stern–Gerlach gradient magnetic field. The stability of the ultraslow optical solitons can be realized by an optical lattice potential contributed from a far-detuned laser field.
We propose a scheme to exhibit Stern-Gerlach deflection of high-dimensional vector optical solitons at a weak-light level in a cold atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that the propagating velocity and generation power of such solitons can be reduced to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}c$ (ccc is light speed in vacuum) and lowered to magnitude of nanowatt, respectively. The stabilization of the solitons is realized by using an optical lattice potential formed by a far-detuned laser field, and trajectories of them are deflected significantly by using a transversal Stern-Gerlach gradient magnetic field. Deflection angles of the solitons can be of magnitude of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ rad when propagating several millimeters. Different from atomic Stern-Gerlach deflection, deflection angles of the solitons can be distinct for different polarization components and can be manipulated in a controllable way. The result obtained can be described in terms of the Stern-Gerlach effect for vector optical solitons with quasispin and effective magnetic moment.
We propose a scheme to realize an optical Thirring model and create temporal optical Thirring solitons in a tripod-type atomic gas via double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that giant enhancement of the cross-phase modulation for the two polarization components of the probe pulse can be obtained under the condition of the double EIT, and hence the optical Thirring model can be realized. We also show that the system supports stable temporal optical Thirring solitons, which have ultralow generation power and ultraslow propagation velocity. In particular, these temporal optical Thirring solitons may experience a significant Stern-Gerlach deflection when a gradient magnetic field is applied to the system. The results reported here are useful not only for extending the research realm of nonlinear magneto-optics but also for the application in precision measurements, such as the detection of microgradient magnetic fields.
Abstract We propose a scheme to realize the manipulation of a weak signal pulse by ultraslow optical soliton in a coherent inverted-Y-type atomic system via double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on Maxwell-Bloch equations, we derive nonlinear equations governing the spatial-temporal evolution of the probe and signal pulse envelopes. We show the giant enhancement of optical Kerr nonlinearity can be obtained under the condition of the double EIT, which results in the generation of a (2+1)-dimension optical soliton and can realize the manipulation of a weak signal pulse. Applying a far-detuned laser field to the system, we find that a weak signal pulse can be trapped by a (3+1)-dimension light bullet. In particular, the trajectories of the light bullet and trapped signal pulse can be manipulated and controlled by introducing a Stern–Gerlach gradient magnetic field. The results predicted here may not only open a route for the study of weak-light nonlinear optics but also have potential applications in the precision measurements and optical information processing and transmission.
We propose a scheme to produce ultraslow (3+13+13+1)-dimensional helical optical solitons, also called helical optical bullets, in a resonant three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic system via quantum coherence. We show that, due to the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency, the helical optical bullets can propagate with an ultraslow velocity up to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ccc (ccc is the light speed in vacuum) in the longitudinal direction and a slow rotational motion (with velocity ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ccc) in transverse directions. The generation power of such optical bullets can be lowered to microwatts, and their stability can be achieved by using a Bessel optical lattice potential formed by a far-detuned laser field. We also show that the transverse rotational motion of the optical bullets can be accelerated by applying a time-dependent Stern-Gerlach magnetic field. Because of the ultraslow velocity in the longitudinal direction, a significant acceleration of the rotational motion of optical bullets may be observed for a very short medium length.
We propose a scheme to generate and stabilize the high-dimensional spatial solitons via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The system we consider is a resonant atomic ensemble having $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. We illustrate that under EIT conditions the equation satisfied by the probe field envelope is reduced to a saturable nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with the trapping potential, provided by a far-detuned laser field and a random magnetic field. We present high-dimensional soliton solutions exhibiting many interesting characteristics, including diversity (i.e., many different types of soliton solutions can be found, including bright, ring multipole bright, ring multipole defect mode, multiring bright, multiring defect mode, and vortices solitons), the phase transition between bright soliton and higher-order defect modes (i.e., the phase transition can be realized by controlling the nonlinear coefficient or the intensity of the trapping potential), and stability (i.e., various solitons can be stabilized by the Gaussian potential provided by the far detuned laser field, or the random potential provided by the magnetic field). We also find that some solitons are the extension of the linear eigenmode, whereas others entirely derive from the role of nonlinearity. Compared with previous studies, we not only show the diverse soliton solutions in the same system but also find the boundary of the phase transition for the type of solitons. In addition, we present the possibility of using the random potential to stabilize various solitons and vortices.
We propose a scheme to generate stable ultraslow three-dimensional spatiotemporal optical solitons, or ultraslow optical bullets, at very low light levels via atomic coherence. The system we consider is an ensemble of resonant, lifetime-broadened NNN-type four-level atoms, working in a regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. Due to the quantum interference effect induced by a control field, the absorption of a probe field is largely suppressed. Moreover, the Kerr nonlinearity is greatly enhanced, and the dispersion property of the probe field is drastically changed. Using a method of multiple scales, we derive two coupled nonlinear envelope equations controlling the evolution of the envelopes of the probe field and an assisted field. We show that under certain conditions the envelope of the probe field satisfies a three-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation and the envelope of the assisted field obeys a linear Helmholtz equation. We obtain various optical bullet solutions for the probe-field envelope and demonstrate that such optical bullets have many novel features, including very slow propagating velocity and very low generation power. In addition, they can be actively controlled and manipulated by adjusting system parameters. The stabilization of the optical bullets obtained can be easily realized by the trapping potential contributed by the assisted field, which is also investigated in detail.