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arXiv:1209.0106 · Physical Review A

Stern-Gerlach effect of weak-light ultraslow vector solitons

Chao Hang, Guoxiang Huang

Published Oct 5, 2012• 31 citations
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Abstract

We propose a scheme to exhibit Stern-Gerlach deflection of high-dimensional vector optical solitons at a weak-light level in a cold atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that the propagating velocity and generation power of such solitons can be reduced to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}c$ ($c$ is light speed in vacuum) and lowered to magnitude of nanowatt, respectively. The stabilization of the solitons is realized by using an optical lattice potential formed by a far-detuned laser field, and trajectories of them are deflected significantly by using a transversal Stern-Gerlach gradient magnetic field. Deflection angles of the solitons can be of magnitude of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ rad when propagating several millimeters. Different from atomic Stern-Gerlach deflection, deflection angles of the solitons can be distinct for different polarization components and can be manipulated in a controllable way. The result obtained can be described in terms of the Stern-Gerlach effect for vector optical solitons with quasispin and effective magnetic moment.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.043809

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We propose a scheme to exhibit Stern-Gerlach deflection of high-dimensional vector optical solitons at a weak-light level in a cold atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that the propagating velocity and generation power of such solitons can be reduced to 10\ensuremath−6c{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}c10\ensuremath−6c (ccc is light speed in vacuum) and lowered to magnitude of nanowatt, respectively. The stabilization of the solitons is realized by using an optical lattice potential formed by a far-detuned laser field, and trajectories of them are deflected significantly by using a transversal Stern-Gerlach gradient magnetic field. Deflection angles of the solitons can be of magnitude of 10\ensuremath−3{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}10\ensuremath−3 rad when propagating several millimeters. Different from atomic Stern-Gerlach deflection, deflection angles of the solitons can be distinct for different polarization components and can be manipulated in a controllable way. The result obtained can be described in terms of the Stern-Gerlach effect for vector optical solitons with quasispin and effective magnetic moment.
We propose a scheme to exhibit a Stern–Gerlach effect of n-component (n>2) high-dimensional ultraslow optical solitons in a coherent atomic system with (n+1)-pod level configuration via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on Maxwell–Bloch equations, we derive coupled (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations governing the spatial-temporal evolution of n probe-field envelopes. We show that under EIT conditions significant deflections of the n components of coupled ultraslow optical solitons can be achieved by using a Stern–Gerlach gradient magnetic field. The stability of the ultraslow optical solitons can be realized by an optical lattice potential contributed from a far-detuned laser field.
We show that stable (3+1)-dimensional vector light bullets with ultraslow propagating velocity and extreme low generation power can be realized in a cold Rydberg atomic gas. They can also be actively controlled by using a nonuniform magnetic field; especially, trajectories of their two polarization components can have significant Stern-Gerlach deflections. The results obtained are useful for revealing the nonlocal nonlinear optical property of Rydberg media and for measuring weak magnetic fields.
We propose a method for trapping weak signal pulses by soliton and realizing its trajectory control via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The system we consider is a cold, coherent atomic gas with a tripod or multipod level configuration. We show that, due to the giant enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity contributed by EIT, several weak signal pulses can be effectively trapped by a soliton and cotravel stably with ultraslow propagating velocity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the trajectories of the soliton and the trapped signal pulses can be manipulated by using a Stern-Gerlach gradient magnetic field. As a result, the soliton and the trapped signal pulses display a Stern-Gerlach deflection and both of them can bypass an obstacle together. The results predicted here may be used to design all-optical switching at very low light level.
We propose a scheme to produce ultraslow (3+13+13+1)-dimensional helical optical solitons, also called helical optical bullets, in a resonant three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic system via quantum coherence. We show that, due to the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency, the helical optical bullets can propagate with an ultraslow velocity up to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ccc (ccc is the light speed in vacuum) in the longitudinal direction and a slow rotational motion (with velocity ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ccc) in transverse directions. The generation power of such optical bullets can be lowered to microwatts, and their stability can be achieved by using a Bessel optical lattice potential formed by a far-detuned laser field. We also show that the transverse rotational motion of the optical bullets can be accelerated by applying a time-dependent Stern-Gerlach magnetic field. Because of the ultraslow velocity in the longitudinal direction, a significant acceleration of the rotational motion of optical bullets may be observed for a very short medium length.
We propose a scheme to realize an optical Thirring model and create temporal optical Thirring solitons in a tripod-type atomic gas via double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that giant enhancement of the cross-phase modulation for the two polarization components of the probe pulse can be obtained under the condition of the double EIT, and hence the optical Thirring model can be realized. We also show that the system supports stable temporal optical Thirring solitons, which have ultralow generation power and ultraslow propagation velocity. In particular, these temporal optical Thirring solitons may experience a significant Stern-Gerlach deflection when a gradient magnetic field is applied to the system. The results reported here are useful not only for extending the research realm of nonlinear magneto-optics but also for the application in precision measurements, such as the detection of microgradient magnetic fields.
Electromagnetically induced transparency allows for light transmission through dense atomic media by means of quantum interference of absorption amplitudes. Media exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency have interesting properties, such as very slow group velocities. Associated with the slow light propagation are quasiparticles, so-called dark polaritons, which are mixtures of a photonic and an atomic contribution. Here, we demonstrate that these excitations behave as particles with a nonzero magnetic moment, which is in clear contrast to the properties of a free photon. It is found that circularily polarized light passing through a rubidium gas cell under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency is deflected by a small magnetic field gradient. The deflection angle is proportional to the propagation time of an optical pulse through the cell. The observed beam deflection can be understood by assuming that dark state polaritons have an effective magnetic moment. This is attributed to the spin wave contribution that develops upon entry of light into the medium. Our experiment can be described in terms of a Stern-Gerlach experiment for the dark polaritons.