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arXiv:1604.01807 · International Journal of Quantum Information

Realization of a twin beam source based on four-wave mixing in Cesium

Guillaume Adenier, Davide Calonico, Salvatore Micalizio, N. Samantaray, Ivo Pietro Degiovanni, Ivano Ruo Berchera

Published May 19, 2016• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Four-wave mixing (4WM) is a known source of intense non-classical twin beams. It can be generated when an intense laser beam (the pump) and a weak laser beam (the seed) overlap in a [Formula: see text] medium (here Cesium vapor), with frequencies close to resonance with atomic transitions. The twin beams generated by 4WM have frequencies naturally close to atomic transitions, and can be intense (gain [Formula: see text]) even in the CW pump regime, which is not the case for PDC [Formula: see text] phenomenon in nonlinear crystals. So, 4WM is well suited for atom-light interaction and atom-based quantum-protocols. Here, we present the first realization of a source of 4-wave mixing exploiting [Formula: see text] line of Cesium atoms.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749916400141

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Four-wave mixing (4WM) is a known source of intense non-classical twin beams. It can be generated when an intense laser beam (the pump) and a weak laser beam (the seed) overlap in a [Formula: see text] medium (here Cesium vapor), with frequencies close to resonance with atomic transitions. The twin beams generated by 4WM have frequencies naturally close to atomic transitions, and can be intense (gain [Formula: see text]) even in the CW pump regime, which is not the case for PDC [Formula: see text] phenomenon in nonlinear crystals. So, 4WM is well suited for atom-light interaction and atom-based quantum-protocols. Here, we present the first realization of a source of 4-wave mixing exploiting [Formula: see text] line of Cesium atoms.
Using a nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) process based on a double-Λ scheme in hot cesium vapor, we demonstrate a compact diode-laser-pumped quantum light source for the generation of quantum correlated twin beams with a maximum squeezing of 6.5 dB. The squeezing is observed at a Fourier frequency in the audio band down to 0.7 kHz which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first observation of sub-kilohertz intensity-difference squeezing in an atomic system so far. A phase-matching condition is also investigated in our system, which confirms the spatial-multi-mode characteristics of the FWM process. Our compact low-frequency squeezed light source may find applications in quantum imaging, quantum metrology, and the transfer of optical squeezing onto a matter wave.
Using a nondegenerate four-wave mixing process based on a double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ scheme in hot cesium vapor, we generate quantum correlated twin beams with a maximum intensity-difference squeezing of 6.5 dB. The substantially improved squeezing can be mainly attributed to very good frequency and phase-difference stability between the pump and probe beams in our experiment. Intensity-difference squeezing can be observed within a wide experimental parameter range, which guarantees its robust generation. Since this scheme produces multi-spatial-mode twin beams at the Cs D1{D}_{1}D1​ line, it is of interest for experiments involving quantum imaging and coherent interfaces between atomic and solid-state systems.
Nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in diamond-type atomic systems has important applications in a wide range of fields, including quantum entanglement generation, frequency conversion, and optical information processing. Although the efficient self-seeded nondegenerate FWM with amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) has been realized extensively, the seeded nondegenerate FWM without ASE is inefficient in reported experiments so far. Here we present the experimental realization of the seeded nondegenerate FWM in cesium atoms with a significantly improved efficiency. Specifically, with two pump lasers at 852 and 921 nm and a seed laser at 895 nm, a continuous-wave laser at 876 nm is efficiently generated via FWM in a cesium vapor cell with a power up to 1.2 mW, three orders of magnitude larger than what has been achieved in previous experiments. The improvement of the efficiency benefits from the exact satisfaction of the phase-matching condition realized by an elaborately designed setup. Our results may find applications in the generation of squeezing and entanglement of light via nondegenerate FWM.
We have built a compact light source for bright squeezed twin-beams at 795nm based on four-wave-mixing in atomic 85Rb vapor. With a total optical power of 400mW derived from a free running diode laser and a tapered amplifier to pump the four-wave-mixing process, we achieve 2.1 dB intensity difference squeezing of the twin beams below the standard quantum limit, without accounting for losses. Squeezed twin beams generated by the type of source presented here could be used as reference for the precise calibration of photodetectors. Transferring the quantum correlations from the light to atoms in order to generate correlated atom beams is another interesting prospect. In this work we investigate the dispersion that is generated by the employed fourwave- mixing process with respect to bandwidth and dependence on probe detuning. We are currently using this squeezed light source to test the transfer of spatial information and quantum correlations through media of anomalous dispersion.