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arXiv:1603.08287 · Nano Letters

Atomic Response in the Near-Field of Nanostructured Plasmonic Metamaterial

Syed Abdullah Aljunid, Eng Aik Chan, Giorgio Adamo, M. Ducloy, David Wilkowski, Nikolay I. Zheludev

Published Mar 28, 2016• 48 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report on reflection spectra of cesium atoms in close vicinity of a nanostructured metallic meta-surface. We show that the hyperfine sub-Doppler spectrum of the 6(2)S1/2-6(2)P3/2 resonance transition at 852 nm is strongly affected by the coupling to the plasmonic resonance of the nanostructure. Fine tuning of dispersion and positions of the atomic lines in the near-field of plasmonic metamaterials could have uses and implications for atom-based metrology, sensing, and the development of atom-on-a-chip devices.

DOI
10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00446

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We report on reflection spectra of cesium atoms in close vicinity of a nanostructured metallic meta-surface. We show that the hyperfine sub-Doppler spectrum of the 6(2)S1/2-6(2)P3/2 resonance transition at 852 nm is strongly affected by the coupling to the plasmonic resonance of the nanostructure. Fine tuning of dispersion and positions of the atomic lines in the near-field of plasmonic metamaterials could have uses and implications for atom-based metrology, sensing, and the development of atom-on-a-chip devices.
We report on the coupling of an electric quadrupole transition in atomic vapor with plasmonic excitation in a nanostructured metallic metamaterial. The quadrupole transition at 685 nm in the gas of cesium atoms is optically pumped, while the induced ground-state population depletion is probed with light tuned on the strong electric dipole transition at 852 nm. We use selective reflection to resolve the Doppler-free hyperfine structure of cesium atoms. We observe a strong modification of the reflection spectra at the presence of metamaterial and discuss the role of the spatial variation of the surface plasmon polariton on the quadrupole coupling.
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We investigate the mediation of symmetry-forbidden atomic transitions using plasmonic nanostructures. We show that the excitation of the electric dipole-forbidden, quadrupole-allowed $6{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{-}5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ transition in cesium may be enhanced by more than 6 orders of magnitude in the intense, inhomogeneous near field of a plasmonic nanoantenna. Using optical reciprocity, the enhancement can be understood to apply to spontaneous emission as well, allowing the fast and efficient optical detection of excited atoms.
Modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom driven by a monochromatic field in the close proximity of a plasmonic nanostructure (metal sphere) is studied in detail. It is shown that one can control this spectrum by varying several key parameters: (i) the radius of the nanosphere, (ii) polarization of the incident radiation, and (iii) the atom's location around the nanosphere (its radial coordinate and polar angle in the spherical coordinate system). These parameters affect the local field enhancement and the modification of the radiative decay rate of the atom interacting with the nanosphere, which leads to modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of the atom (e.g., frequency shift of the satellite lines in the Mollow-type triplet, widths of the lines, and the spectrum intensity) by contrast with that in free space. The permittivity of the metal the nanosphere is made of is also an additional parameter, which defines the nonradiative decay. The latter in combination with other parameters allows continuous control of the transition from resonance fluorescence enhancement to its quenching.
Abstract In a four-level atomic configuration, we suggest a theoretical framework that is capable of obtaining sub-wavelength atomic localization by utilizing surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Via quantum interference mechanisms, we exhibit precise atomic positioning by utilizing the strong electromagnetic field confinement and enhanced near field interactions inherent to (SPPs). Our model employs specialized probe and control fields to generate spatially dependent absorption, thereby facilitating atomic localization with nanometer scale precision. We have identified sharply defined localization patterns that are regulated by phase modulation and detuning parameters through comprehensive numerical simulations. The conventional diffraction limit is effectively overcome by the coupling between (SPP) modes and atomic states, while quantum coherence is maintained. These findings provide practical implications for applications in plasmon enhanced spectroscopy, nanolithography, and atomic trapping, as they open new frontiers for quantum-scale manipulation. Additionally, we establish the optimal operational parameters that optimize spatial resolution and suppress decoherence in plasmonic nanostructures.