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arXiv:1602.07935 · Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism

The Quantum Phase Slip Phenomenon in Superconducting Nanowires with High-Impedance Environment

K. Yu. Arutyunov, J. S. Lehtinen, T. Rantala

Published Dec 14, 2015• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10948-015-3298-9

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A quantum current standard dual to the Josephson voltage standard has been trumpeted as a primary application for the phenomenon of coherent quantum phase-slips (CQPS) in superconducting nanowires, but it requires a dc transport geometry, distinct from the ring geometry in which CQPS have been probed by microwave spectroscopy measurements. We present measurements on NbN nanowires with a width of 15 nm and including integrated thin-film resistors to provide a high-impedance environment. Analysis shows that the nanowire behavior is in line with expectations. The results demonstrate that the process is promising both for future dc transport CQPS measurements and for the fabrication of other circuits in which low-width superconducting nanowires are required.
Abstract Quantum phase slip (QPS) is an important effect that occurs in one-dimensional (1D) or quasi-1D superconducting (SC) materials. Due to the extremely high requirements on the uniformity and quality of SC nanowires, it is currently very challenging to obtain repeatable and controllable QPS devices. Here, we report a systematic study of the QPS effect in NbN SC nanowires. High-quality NbN nanowires with different widths are fabricated by combining the processes of photo-lithography, electron beam lithography, and inductively coupled plasma etching. It is found that the electrical transport of the nanowires showed a systematic variation with the wire width, and a clear evolution from single to multiple QPS events with the decrease in wire width is uncovered at low temperatures. Based on these experimental results, the phase diagram reflecting the evolution of the physical states of the nanowires with wire width and temperature is obtained. In addition, we observed the features of the critical voltage, which is a characteristic of the occurrence of coherent QPS (cQPS), in samples with a width of 36 nm in the multiple QPS region. It is worth noting that this cQPS behavior was detected in a non-high-impedance environment.
We propose a transistor-like circuit including two serially connected segments of narrow superconducting nanowire joint by a wider segment with capacitively coupled gate in between. This circuit is made of amorphous NbSi film and embedded in a network of on-chip Cr microresistors ensuring sufficiently high external electromagnetic impedance. Assuming virtual regime of quantum phase slips (QPS) in two narrow segments of the wire, leading to correlated single Cooper pair tunneling, this circuit is dual to the dc SQUID. Our samples demonstrated appreciable Coulomb blockade voltage (analog of critical current of the SQUIDs) and periodic modulation of this blockade by electrostatic gate (analog of flux modulation in the SQUIDs). The model of this QPS transistor is discussed.