Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1601.04872 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Adiabatic Green's function technique and transient behavior in time-dependent fermion-boson coupled models

Yun-Tak Oh, Yoichi Higashi, Ching-Kit Chan, Jung Hoon Han

Published Aug 8, 2016• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Lang-Firsov Hamiltonian, a well-known solvable model of interacting fermion-boson system with sideband features in the fermion spectral weight, is generalized to have the time-dependent fermion-boson coupling constant. We show how to derive the two-time Green's function for the time-dependent problem in the adiabatic limit, defined as the slow temporal variation of the coupling over the characteristic oscillator period. The idea we use in deriving the Green's function is akin to the use of instantaneous basis states in solving the adiabatic evolution problem in quantum mechanics. With such ``adiabatic Green's function'' at hand we analyze the transient behavior of the spectral weight as the coupling is gradually tuned to zero. Time-dependent generalization of a related model, the spin-boson Hamiltonian, is analyzed in the same way. In both cases the sidebands arising from the fermion-boson coupling can be seen to gradually lose their spectral weights over time. Connections of our solution to the two-dimensional Dirac electrons coupled to quantized photons are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.94.075113

Related papers

Spectral properties of four-time fermionic Green's functions

Andrij M. Shvaika

The spectral relations for the four-time fermionic Green's functions are derived in the most general case.The terms which correspond to the zero-frequency anomalies, known before only for the bosonic Green's functions, are separated and their connection with the second cumulants of the Boltzmann distribution function is elucidated.The high-frequency expansions of the four-time fermionic Green's functions are provided for different directions in the frequency space.

arXiv:1512.04687•Condensed Matter Physics•Sep 1, 2016•13 citations

Measuring correlated electron dynamics with time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Martin Eckstein, Marcus Kollar

Time-resolved photoemission experiments can reveal fascinating quantum dynamics of correlated electrons. However, the thermalization of the electronic system is typically so fast that very short probe pulses are necessary to resolve the time evolution of the quantum state, and this leads to poor energy resolution due to the energy-time uncertainty relation. Although the photoemission intensity can be calculated from the nonequilibrium electronic Green's functions, the converse procedure is therefore difficult. We analyze a hypothetical time-resolved photoemission experiment on a correlated electronic system, described by the Falicov-Kimball model in dynamical mean-field theory, which relaxes between metallic and insulating phases. We find that the real-time Green's function which describes the transient behavior during the buildup of the metallic state cannot be determined directly from the photoemission signal. On the other hand, the characteristic collapse-and-revival oscillations of an excited Mott insulator can be observed as oscillating weight in the center of the Mott gap in the time-dependent photoemission spectrum.

arXiv:0809.4282•Physical Review B•Dec 16, 2008•53 citations

Quantum many-body Green-functions: theory, interrelations and applications

Sebastian Kalhöfer

Abstract Green-function techniques are among the most versatile tools for investigating quantum many-body systems at finite temperature. Yet, standard textbook treatments often fragment the formalism—separating bosons and fermions, systems with massless and massive particles, or restricting proofs to special Hamiltonians—thereby obscuring the structural unity of the theory. This work develops a general, Hamiltonian-independent framework for both real- and imaginary-time Green-functions, valid for any combination of bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom, including mixed systems such as interacting electron–phonon models. The key conceptual advance is the nature index η , which complements the conventional statistical sign ζ . While ζ encodes particle statistics, η distinguishes canonical quantization of systems with massless particles ( η = 0) from second quantization of systems with massive particles ( η = 1). This classification removes ambiguities in chemical-potential terms and unifies the treatment of photons, phonons, electrons, and their mixtures under a single notation. From this basis, we formulate generalized ensemble constructions, generalized Lehmann-representations, and a fluctuation-dissipation theorem valid for arbitrary Hamiltonians. Several results—such as the monotonicity of particle number in the chemical potential, an explicit formula for the quadratic contribution to the internal energy from the retarded Green-function, and the Hartree-contribution to the self-energy in electron–phonon systems—are either absent from, or only sparsely mentioned in, existing literature. We further introduce Green’s Chart, a visual and algebraic map that systematically connects all Green-function types through analytic continuation, Fourier-transforms, and Wick-rotations, enabling all to be generated from the Matsubara Green-function. Applications to both non-interacting and interacting models demonstrate the framework’s ability to compute densities of states, thermodynamic potentials, and spectral functions with a consistent formalism. The results provide a complete and reproducible toolkit for equilibrium many-body theory, consolidating scattered results into a unified structure suitable for both pedagogical and computational purposes.

European Journal of Physics•Dec 2, 2025•0 citations

Quantum Harmonic Oscillator with Time-Dependent Frequency

S. Solimeno, Paolo Di Porto, B. Crosignani

The temporal evolution of the state vector relative to a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent frequency is examined. The Schrödinger equation is solved by choosing the instantaneous eigenstates of the Hamiltonian as the basis, thus getting an infinite set of coupled linear differential equations. This formulation is particularly suitable for studying the cases in which the Hamiltonian undergoes a very slow or a sudden variation from an initial constant value into a final one. A rigorous proof of adiabatic invariance to all orders in the slowness parameter is given for the transition probabilities. An application to the evolution of an initially coherent state is made.

Journal of Mathematical Physics•Oct 1, 1969•20 citations

Monte Carlo calculations of coupled boson-fermion systems. II

Douglas J. Scalapino, Robert L. Sugar

We have recently developed a formalism for carrying out Monte Carlo calculations on systems with coupled boson-fermion degrees of freedom. Here we present the results obtained using these techniques on some specific systems. First the quantum-mechanics problem of a single boson coordinate linearly coupled to a fermion is studied. The fermion Green's function and the boson coordinate displacement are calculated and compared with exact results. Extending this analysis to a one-dimensional array, a field theory in one space and one imaginary time dimension is investigated. The fermion and boson Green's functions are calculated and compared with analytic results obtained in the limit where the bare boson frequency is much larger or much smaller than the characteristic fermion energies.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Oct 15, 1981•110 citations

From nonequilibrium Green's functions to quantum master equations for the density matrix and out-of-time-order correlators: Steady-state and adiabatic dynamics

Bibek Bhandari, Rosario Fazio, Fabio Taddei +1 more

We consider a finite quantum system under slow driving and weakly coupled to thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. We present a systematic derivation of the quantum master equation for the density matrix and the out-of-time-order correlators. We start from the microscopic Hamiltonian and we formulate the equations ruling the dynamics of these quantities by recourse to the Schwinger-Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, performing a perturbative expansion in the coupling between the system and the reservoirs. We focus on the adiabatic dynamics, which corresponds to considering the linear response in the ratio between the relaxation time due to the system-reservoir coupling and the time scale associated to the driving. We calculate the particle and energy fluxes. We illustrate the formalism in the case of a qutrit coupled to bosonic reservoirs and of a pair of interacting quantum dots attached to fermionic reservoirs, also discussing the relevance of coherent effects.

arXiv:2103.04373•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jul 20, 2021•20 citations
The Lang-Firsov Hamiltonian, a well-known solvable model of interacting fermion-boson system with sideband features in the fermion spectral weight, is generalized to have the time-dependent fermion-boson coupling constant. We show how to derive the two-time Green's function for the time-dependent problem in the adiabatic limit, defined as the slow temporal variation of the coupling over the characteristic oscillator period. The idea we use in deriving the Green's function is akin to the use of instantaneous basis states in solving the adiabatic evolution problem in quantum mechanics. With such ``adiabatic Green's function'' at hand we analyze the transient behavior of the spectral weight as the coupling is gradually tuned to zero. Time-dependent generalization of a related model, the spin-boson Hamiltonian, is analyzed in the same way. In both cases the sidebands arising from the fermion-boson coupling can be seen to gradually lose their spectral weights over time. Connections of our solution to the two-dimensional Dirac electrons coupled to quantized photons are discussed.
Time-resolved photoemission experiments can reveal fascinating quantum dynamics of correlated electrons. However, the thermalization of the electronic system is typically so fast that very short probe pulses are necessary to resolve the time evolution of the quantum state, and this leads to poor energy resolution due to the energy-time uncertainty relation. Although the photoemission intensity can be calculated from the nonequilibrium electronic Green's functions, the converse procedure is therefore difficult. We analyze a hypothetical time-resolved photoemission experiment on a correlated electronic system, described by the Falicov-Kimball model in dynamical mean-field theory, which relaxes between metallic and insulating phases. We find that the real-time Green's function which describes the transient behavior during the buildup of the metallic state cannot be determined directly from the photoemission signal. On the other hand, the characteristic collapse-and-revival oscillations of an excited Mott insulator can be observed as oscillating weight in the center of the Mott gap in the time-dependent photoemission spectrum.
Abstract Green-function techniques are among the most versatile tools for investigating quantum many-body systems at finite temperature. Yet, standard textbook treatments often fragment the formalism—separating bosons and fermions, systems with massless and massive particles, or restricting proofs to special Hamiltonians—thereby obscuring the structural unity of the theory. This work develops a general, Hamiltonian-independent framework for both real- and imaginary-time Green-functions, valid for any combination of bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom, including mixed systems such as interacting electron–phonon models. The key conceptual advance is the nature index η , which complements the conventional statistical sign ζ . While ζ encodes particle statistics, η distinguishes canonical quantization of systems with massless particles ( η = 0) from second quantization of systems with massive particles ( η = 1). This classification removes ambiguities in chemical-potential terms and unifies the treatment of photons, phonons, electrons, and their mixtures under a single notation. From this basis, we formulate generalized ensemble constructions, generalized Lehmann-representations, and a fluctuation-dissipation theorem valid for arbitrary Hamiltonians. Several results—such as the monotonicity of particle number in the chemical potential, an explicit formula for the quadratic contribution to the internal energy from the retarded Green-function, and the Hartree-contribution to the self-energy in electron–phonon systems—are either absent from, or only sparsely mentioned in, existing literature. We further introduce Green’s Chart, a visual and algebraic map that systematically connects all Green-function types through analytic continuation, Fourier-transforms, and Wick-rotations, enabling all to be generated from the Matsubara Green-function. Applications to both non-interacting and interacting models demonstrate the framework’s ability to compute densities of states, thermodynamic potentials, and spectral functions with a consistent formalism. The results provide a complete and reproducible toolkit for equilibrium many-body theory, consolidating scattered results into a unified structure suitable for both pedagogical and computational purposes.
The temporal evolution of the state vector relative to a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent frequency is examined. The Schrödinger equation is solved by choosing the instantaneous eigenstates of the Hamiltonian as the basis, thus getting an infinite set of coupled linear differential equations. This formulation is particularly suitable for studying the cases in which the Hamiltonian undergoes a very slow or a sudden variation from an initial constant value into a final one. A rigorous proof of adiabatic invariance to all orders in the slowness parameter is given for the transition probabilities. An application to the evolution of an initially coherent state is made.
We have recently developed a formalism for carrying out Monte Carlo calculations on systems with coupled boson-fermion degrees of freedom. Here we present the results obtained using these techniques on some specific systems. First the quantum-mechanics problem of a single boson coordinate linearly coupled to a fermion is studied. The fermion Green's function and the boson coordinate displacement are calculated and compared with exact results. Extending this analysis to a one-dimensional array, a field theory in one space and one imaginary time dimension is investigated. The fermion and boson Green's functions are calculated and compared with analytic results obtained in the limit where the bare boson frequency is much larger or much smaller than the characteristic fermion energies.
We consider a finite quantum system under slow driving and weakly coupled to thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. We present a systematic derivation of the quantum master equation for the density matrix and the out-of-time-order correlators. We start from the microscopic Hamiltonian and we formulate the equations ruling the dynamics of these quantities by recourse to the Schwinger-Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, performing a perturbative expansion in the coupling between the system and the reservoirs. We focus on the adiabatic dynamics, which corresponds to considering the linear response in the ratio between the relaxation time due to the system-reservoir coupling and the time scale associated to the driving. We calculate the particle and energy fluxes. We illustrate the formalism in the case of a qutrit coupled to bosonic reservoirs and of a pair of interacting quantum dots attached to fermionic reservoirs, also discussing the relevance of coherent effects.