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arXiv:1601.03860 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Photon echo transients from an inhomogeneous ensemble of semiconductor quantum dots

S. V. Poltavtsev, M. Salewski, Yury V. Kapitonov, I. A. Yugova, Ilya A. Akimov, Christian Schneider, Martin Kamp, Sven Höfling, Dmitri R. Yakovlev, Alexey Vitalievich Kavokin, M. Bayer

Published Mar 10, 2016• 32 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An ensemble of quantum dot excitons may be used for coherent information manipulation. Due to the ensemble inhomogeneity any optical information retrieval occurs in the form of a photon echo. We show that the inhomogeneity can lead to a significant deviation from the conventional echo timing sequence. Variation of the area of the initial rotation pulse, which generates excitons in a dot subensemble only, reveals this complex picture of photon echo formation. We observe a retarded echo for $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ pulses, while for $3\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ the echo is advanced in time as evidenced through monitoring the Rabi oscillations in the time-resolved photon echo amplitude from (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot structures and confirmed by detailed calculations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.93.121304

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An ensemble of quantum dot excitons may be used for coherent information manipulation. Due to the ensemble inhomogeneity any optical information retrieval occurs in the form of a photon echo. We show that the inhomogeneity can lead to a significant deviation from the conventional echo timing sequence. Variation of the area of the initial rotation pulse, which generates excitons in a dot subensemble only, reveals this complex picture of photon echo formation. We observe a retarded echo for \ensuremathπ/2\ensuremath{\pi}/2\ensuremathπ/2 pulses, while for 3\ensuremathπ/23\ensuremath{\pi}/23\ensuremathπ/2 the echo is advanced in time as evidenced through monitoring the Rabi oscillations in the time-resolved photon echo amplitude from (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot structures and confirmed by detailed calculations.
Semiconductor quantum dots are excellent candidates for ultrafast coherent manipulation of qubits by laser pulses on picosecond timescales or even faster. In inhomogeneous ensembles a macroscopic optical polarization decays rapidly due to dephasing, which, however, is reversible in photon echoes carrying complete information about the coherent ensemble dynamics. Control of the echo emission time is mandatory for applications. Here, we propose a novel concept to reach this goal. In a two-pulse photon echo sequence, we apply an additional resonant control pulse with multiple of 2pi area. Depending on its arrival time, the control slows down dephasing or rephasing of the exciton ensemble during its action. We demonstrate for self-assembled (In,Ga)As quantum dots that the photon echo emission time can be retarded or advanced by 5 ps relative to its nominal appearance time without control. This versatile protocol may be used to obtain significantly longer temporal shifts for suitably tailored control pulses.
Abstract Semiconductor quantum dots are excellent candidates for ultrafast coherent manipulation of qubits by laser pulses on picosecond timescales or even faster. In inhomogeneous ensembles a macroscopic optical polarization decays rapidly due to dephasing, which, however, is reversible in photon echoes carrying complete information about the coherent ensemble dynamics. Control of the echo emission time is mandatory for applications. Here, we propose a concept to reach this goal. In a two-pulse photon echo sequence, we apply an additional resonant control pulse with multiple of 2πarea. Depending on its arrival time, the control slows down dephasing or rephasing of the exciton ensemble during its action. We demonstrate for self-assembled (In,Ga)As quantum dots that the photon echo emission time can be retarded or advanced by up to 5 ps relative to its nominal appearance time without control. This versatile protocol may be used to obtain significantly longer temporal shifts for suitably tailored control pulses.
Following the ultrafast optical excitation of an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble, the macroscopic optical polarization decays rapidly due to dephasing. This destructive interference is, however, reversible in photon echo experiments. Here, we propose a concept in which a control pulse slows down either the dephasing or the rephasing of the exciton ensemble during its presence. We analyze and visualize this optical freezing process by showing and discussing results for different single and multiple sequences of control pulses using a simple model of inhomogeneously broadened two-level systems. This idea has been realized in experiments performed on self-assembled (In,Ga)As quantum dots where it was possible to retard or advance the photon echo emission time by several picoseconds. The measurements are in very good agreement with numerical simulations for a more realistic model which, in particular, takes the spatial shape of the laser pulses into account.
Abstract We report the excitonic Rabi oscillations in self assembled quantum dots observed by photon echo spectroscopy. The amplitude of the observed Rabi oscillations increases with the pulse area, which is different from the results of previous reports. A numerical calculation of the Rabi oscillations including the local field effect in a quantum dot well reproduces the experimental oscillations, indicating that the local field effect is one of the important origins of the modification of the Rabi oscillations in quantum dots (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical coherence time and nonlinear optical response of excitons localized to quantum dots in a GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well are investigated by the three-pulse photon echo technique. At low temperature, the optical coherence time is estimated to be 1.8 ns from the decay curve of the photon echo signal. The decay profile for short time delay shows the strong dependence on the input pulse area of the third pulse. Rabi oscillations are also observed. The oscillations exhibit nonlinear behavior, which is affected by the pre-excited polarization. Such behavior can be qualitatively explained by the local field effect due to the exciton-exciton interaction between the excitons.
We investigate the dephasing mechanism of optically-induced exciton coherence in an ensemble of InAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) using a two-pulse photon-echo (PE) technique. The sample was fabricated on an InP (311)B substrate using strain compensation to control the emission wavelength. This technique also enabled us to fabricate a 150-layer stacked QD structure for enhancing the PE signal intensity. We show the measured decay time of PE signal intensity for resonant excitation of ground-state transition is extremely long, which corresponds to ultralong coherence times of excitons in our QDs. We confirmed that non-radiative population relaxation and pure dephasing are considerably smaller than the radiative relaxation at low temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ultrafast coherent control of QD exciton polarization by changing the pulse areas (Rabi oscillations) in the PE experiment. We also propose a new scheme for implementing QD quantum memory by using the PE technique.