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arXiv:1601.01286 · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Strong Secrecy for Cooperative Broadcast Channels

Ziv Goldfeld, Gerhard G. Kramer, Haim Henri Permuter, Paul Cuff

Published Nov 1, 2016• 22 citations
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Abstract

A broadcast channel (BC) where the decoders cooperate via a one-sided link is considered. One common and two private messages are transmitted and the private message to the cooperative user should be kept secret from the cooperation-aided user. The secrecy level is measured in terms of strong secrecy, i.e., a vanishing information leakage. An inner bound on the capacity region is derived by using a channel-resolvability-based code that double-bins the codebook of the secret message, and by using a likelihood encoder to choose the transmitted codeword. The inner bound is shown to be tight for semideterministic and physically degraded BCs, and the results are compared with those of the corresponding BCs without a secrecy constraint. Black well and Gaussian BC examples illustrate the impact of secrecy on the rate regions. Unlike the case without secrecy, where sharing information about both private messages via the cooperative link is optimal, our protocol conveys parts of the common and non-confidential messages only. This restriction reduces the transmission rates more than the usual rate loss due to secrecy requirements. An example that illustrates this loss is provided.

DOI
10.1109/tit.2016.2622058

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A broadcast channel (BC) where the decoders cooperate via a one-sided link is considered. One common and two private messages are transmitted and the private message to the cooperative user should be kept secret from the cooperation-aided user. The secrecy level is measured in terms of strong secrecy, i.e., a vanishing information leakage. An inner bound on the capacity region is derived by using a channel-resolvability-based code that double-bins the codebook of the secret message, and by using a likelihood encoder to choose the transmitted codeword. The inner bound is shown to be tight for semideterministic and physically degraded BCs, and the results are compared with those of the corresponding BCs without a secrecy constraint. Black well and Gaussian BC examples illustrate the impact of secrecy on the rate regions. Unlike the case without secrecy, where sharing information about both private messages via the cooperative link is optimal, our protocol conveys parts of the common and non-confidential messages only. This restriction reduces the transmission rates more than the usual rate loss due to secrecy requirements. An example that illustrates this loss is provided.
The broadcast channel (BC) with one confidential message and where the decoders cooperate via a one-sided link is considered. A pair of messages is transmitted, one message for each user. The message to the cooperative user is confidential and is kept secret from the cooperation-aided user. The secrecy level is measured by the equivocation rate. An inner bound on the secrecy-capacity region of the BC is derived. The inner bound is achieved by double-binning the codebook of the secret message. The inner bound is tight for the semi-deterministic (SD) and physically degraded (PD) cases. The secrecy results are compared to those of the corresponding BCs without a secrecy constraint. A cooperative Blackwell channel example illustrates the impact of secrecy on the rate regions.
In this paper, we consider a scenario where a source node wishes to broadcast two confidential messages for two respective receivers, while a wire-tapper also receives the transmitted signal. This model is motivated by wireless communications, where individual secure messages are broadcast over open media and can be received by any illegitimate receiver. The secrecy level is measured by equivocation rate at the eavesdropper. We first study the general (non-degraded) broadcast channel with confidential messages. We present an inner bound on the secrecy capacity region for this model. The inner bound coding scheme is based on a combination of random binning and the Gelfand-Pinsker bining. This scheme matches the Marton's inner bound on the broadcast channel without confidentiality constraint. We further study the situation where the channels are degraded. For the degraded broadcast channel with confidential messages, we present the secrecy capacity region. Our achievable coding scheme is based on Cover's superposition scheme and random binning. We refer to this scheme as Secret Superposition Scheme. In this scheme, we show that randomization in the first layer increases the secrecy rate of the second layer. This capacity region matches the capacity region of the degraded broadcast channel without security constraint. It also matches the secrecy capacity for the conventional wire-tap channel. Our converse proof is based on a combination of the converse proof of the conventional degraded broadcast channel and Csiszar lemma. Finally, we assume that the channels are Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and show that secret superposition scheme with Gaussian codebook is optimal. The converse proof is based on the generalized entropy power inequality.
This paper studies the problem of secure communication over the broadcast channel with receiver-side information under the lens of individual secrecy constraints, that is, the transmitter wants to send two independent messages to two receivers, which have, respectively, the desired message of the other receiver as side information, while keeping the eavesdropper ignorant of each message (i.e., the information leakage rate from each message to the eavesdropper is made vanishing). Building upon one-time pad, secrecy coding, and broadcasting schemes, achievable rate regions are investigated, and the capacity region for special cases of either a weak or strong eavesdropper (compared to both legitimate receivers) is characterized. Interestingly, the capacity region for the former corresponds to a line and the latter corresponds to a rectangle with missing corners; a phenomenon occurring due to the coupling between user's rates. Moreover, the individual secrecy capacity region is also fully characterized for the case where the eavesdropper's channel is deterministic. In addition to discrete memoryless setup, Gaussian scenarios are studied. For the Gaussian model, in addition to the strong and weak eavesdropper cases, the capacity region is characterized for the low and high SNR regimes when the eavesdropper's channel is stronger than one receiver but weaker than the other. Remarkably, positive secure transmission rates are always guaranteed under the individual secrecy constraint, unlike the case of the joint secrecy constraint (i.e., the information leakage rate from both messages to the eavesdropper is made vanishing). Thus, this notion of secrecy serves as an appropriate candidate for trading off secrecy level and transmission rate, making secrecy more affordable but still acceptable to the end user.
In this paper, we consider the secrecy of the one-receiver, two-eavesdropper Broadcast Channel (BC) with three degraded message sets. There is a three-receiver BC where the common message is decoded by all receivers. The first confidential message is decoded by the first and the second receivers and is kept secret from the third receiver (eavesdropper). The second confidential message is decoded by the first receiver and is kept secret from the second and the third receivers (eavesdroppers). We propose an achievable scheme to find an inner bound to the secrecy capacity region of a class of one-receiver, two-eavesdropper BCs with three degraded message sets. We also compare our inner bound with another existing achievable region.
The broadcast channel with confidential messages (BCC) consists of one transmitter and two receivers, where the transmitter sends a common message to both receivers and, at the same time, a confidential message to one receiver which has to be kept secret from the other one. In this paper, this communication scenario is studied for compound channels, where it is only known to the transmitter and receivers that the actual channel realization is fixed and from a prespecified set of channels. The information theoretic criterion of strong secrecy is analyzed in detail and its impact on the decoding performance of the non-legitimate receiver is characterized. In particular, it is shown that regardless of the computational capabilities and the applied decoding strategy of the non-legitimate receiver, his decoding error always tends to one. This gives a valuable signal processing implication of the strong secrecy criterion and identifies desirable properties of an optimal code design. Further, an achievable strong secrecy rate region is derived and a multiletter outer bound is given. Both together yield a multiletter expression of the strong secrecy capacity region of the compound BCC.
This paper establishes inner bounds on the secrecy capacity regions for the general 3-receiver broadcast channel with one common and one confidential message sets. We consider two setups. The first is when the confidential message is to be sent to two receivers and kept secret from the third receiver. Achievability is established using indirect decoding, Wyner wiretap channel coding, and the new idea of generating secrecy from a publicly available superposition codebook. The inner bound is shown to be tight for a class of reversely degraded broadcast channels and when both legitimate receivers are less noisy than the third receiver. The second setup investigated in this paper is when the confidential message is to be sent to one receiver and kept secret from the other two receivers. Achievability in this case follows from Wyner wiretap channel coding and indirect decoding. This inner bound is also shown to be tight for several special cases.