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arXiv:1512.08213 · Physical Review A

Number-state filter for pulses of light

Nikolai Lauk, Michael Fleischhauer

Published Jun 9, 2016• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a detailed theoretical analysis of a Fock-state filter based on the photon-number-dependent group delay in cavity-induced transparency proposed by Nikoghosyan and Fleischhauer [G. Nikoghosyan and M. Fleischhauer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 013601 (2010)]. We derive a general expression for the propagation velocity of different photon-number components of a light pulse interacting with an optically dense ensemble of three-level atoms coupled to a resonator mode under conditions of cavity-induced transparency. These predictions are compared to numerical simulations of the propagation of few-photon wave packets, and an estimation for experimental realization is made.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.063818

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We present a detailed theoretical analysis of a Fock-state filter based on the photon-number-dependent group delay in cavity-induced transparency proposed by Nikoghosyan and Fleischhauer [G. Nikoghosyan and M. Fleischhauer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 013601 (2010)]. We derive a general expression for the propagation velocity of different photon-number components of a light pulse interacting with an optically dense ensemble of three-level atoms coupled to a resonator mode under conditions of cavity-induced transparency. These predictions are compared to numerical simulations of the propagation of few-photon wave packets, and an estimation for experimental realization is made.
Engineered strong photon-photon interactions would enable a broad range of applications in quantum information processing. We demonstrate, using an ensemble of atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity, that light transmission through an opaque medium may be controlled with a few photons and even with the electromagnetic vacuum field. The vacuum field induces 40% transmission, accompanied by a group delay of 25 ns, which corresponds to the light pulse propagating at 1600 m/s through the medium. The transmission increases to 80% when ~10 photons are injected into the cavity. The strong optical nonlinearity at a few-photon level observed in this system opens prospects for advanced quantum devices such as photon-number-state filters.
Photons are excellent information carriers but normally pass through each other without consequence. Engineered interactions between photons would enable applications as varied as quantum information processing and simulation of condensed matter systems. Using an ensemble of cold atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity, we found that the transmission of light through a medium may be controlled with few photons and even by the electromagnetic vacuum field. The vacuum induces a group delay of 25 nanoseconds on the input optical pulse, corresponding to a light velocity of 1600 meters per second, and a transparency of 40% that increases to 80% when the cavity is filled with 10 photons. This strongly nonlinear effect provides prospects for advanced quantum devices such as photon number–state filters.
Photons are excellent information carriers but normally pass through each other without consequence. Engineered interactions between photons would enable applications as varied as quantum information processing and simulation of condensed matter systems. Using an ensemble of cold atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity, we found that the transmission of light through a medium may be controlled with few photons and even by the electromagnetic vacuum field. The vacuum induces a group delay of 25 nanoseconds on the input optical pulse, corresponding to a light velocity of 1600 meters per second, and a transparency of 40% that increases to 80% when the cavity is filled with 10 photons. This strongly nonlinear effect provides prospects for advanced quantum devices such as photon number-state filters.
Abstract We investigate the propagation of a quantized probe field in a dense medium composed of three-level Λ-type systems under cavity electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. We treat the medium as composed of collective states of the three-level systems while the light-medium interaction occurs within clusters of such collective states depending on the photon number state of the probe field. We observe slower group velocity for lower photon number input probe field only under conditions of no interference between different clusters of collective states in the system.
A powerful method to interface quantum light with matter is to propagate the light through an ensemble of atoms. Recently, a number of such interfaces have emerged, most prominently Rydberg ensembles, that enable strong nonlinear interactions between propagating photons. A largely open problem is whether these systems produce exotic many-body states of light and developing new tools to study propagation in the large photon number limit is highly desirable. Here we provide a method based on a "spin model" that maps quasi one-dimensional (1D) light propagation to the dynamics of an open 1D interacting spin system, where all photon correlations are obtained from those of the spins. The spin dynamics in turn are numerically solved using the toolbox of matrix product states. We apply this formalism to investigate vacuum induced transparency, wherein the different photon number components of a pulse propagate with number-dependent group velocity and separate at output.