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arXiv:1512.07278 · Physical Review A

Control of Fano resonances and slow light using Bose-Einstein condensates in a nanocavity

Muhammad Javed Akram, Fazal Ghafoor, M. Miskeen Khan, Farhan Saif

Published Feb 6, 2017• 40 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this study, a standing wave in an optical nanocavity with Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) constitutes a one-dimensional optical lattice potential in the presence of a finite two bodies atomic interaction. We report that the interaction of a BEC with a standing field in an optical cavity coherently evolves to exhibit Fano resonances in the output field at the probe frequency. The behavior of the reported resonance shows an excellent compatibility with the original formulation of asymmetric resonance as discovered by Fano [U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)]. Based on our analytical and numerical results, we find that the Fano resonances and subsequently electromagnetically induced transparency of the probe pulse can be controlled through the intensity of the cavity standing wave field and the strength of the atom-atom interaction in the BEC. In addition, enhancement of the slow light effect by the strength of the atom-atom interaction and its robustness against the condensate fluctuations are realizable using presently available technology.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.023810

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In this study, a standing wave in an optical nanocavity with Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) constitutes a one-dimensional optical lattice potential in the presence of a finite two bodies atomic interaction. We report that the interaction of a BEC with a standing field in an optical cavity coherently evolves to exhibit Fano resonances in the output field at the probe frequency. The behavior of the reported resonance shows an excellent compatibility with the original formulation of asymmetric resonance as discovered by Fano [U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)]. Based on our analytical and numerical results, we find that the Fano resonances and subsequently electromagnetically induced transparency of the probe pulse can be controlled through the intensity of the cavity standing wave field and the strength of the atom-atom interaction in the BEC. In addition, enhancement of the slow light effect by the strength of the atom-atom interaction and its robustness against the condensate fluctuations are realizable using presently available technology.
In this study, a standing wave in an optical nano cavity with Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) constitutes one dimensional optical lattice potential in the presence of finite two bodies atomic interaction. We report that interaction of a BEC with standing field in an optical cavity coherently evolve to exhibit Fano resonances in the output field at probe frequency. The behavior of the reported resonance shows an excellent compatibility with the original formulation of asymmetric resonance as discovered by Ugo Fano. Based on our analytical and numerical results, we find that the Fano resonances and subsequently electromagnetically induced transparency of the probe pulse can be controlled through the intensity of the cavity standing wave field and the strength of the atom-atom interaction in the BEC. In addition, enhancement of the slow light effect by the strength of the atom-atom interaction and its robustness against the condensate fluctuations are realizable using presently available technology.
Cavity-optomechanics, a tool to manipulate mechanical effects of light to couple optical field with other physical objects, is the subject of increasing investigations, especially with regards to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). EIT, a result of Fano interference among different atomic transition levels, has acquired a significant importance in many areas of physics, such as atomic physics and quantum optics. However, controllability of such multi-dimensional systems has remained a crucial issue. In this report, we investigate the controllability of EIT and Fano resonances in hybrid optomechanical system composed of cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), trapped inside high-finesse Fabry-Pérot cavity with one vibrational mirror, driven by a single mode optical field and a transverse pump field. The transverse field is used to control the phenomenon of EIT. It is detected that the strength of transverse field is not only efficiently amplifying or attenuating out-going optical mode but also providing an opportunity to enhance the strength of Fano-interactions which leads to the amplification of EIT-window. To observe these phenomena in laboratory, we suggest a certain set of experimental parameters. The results provide a route for tunable manipulation of optical phenomena, like EIT, which could be a significant step in quantum engineering.
In this study, we explore the dynamics of slow and fast light propagation in a system consisting of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) acting as a mechanical oscillator coupled to an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) within a fixed-mirror cavity. The system's response is investigated through a comprehensive analysis of the transmission spectrum, output probe field characteristics (real and imaginary components), group delay, and Goos-Hänchen shift (GHS). Our findings reveal that variations in the effective coupling strength and the OPA gain have a profound impact on the system's behavior. Specifically, as the OPA gain increases, a Fano-like resonance emerges, enhancing the transparency window and altering the dispersion, which in turn influences the group delay. The GHS is shown to be sensitive to both the incident angle and the BEC-cavity coupling strength. These results offer valuable insights into the intricate interplay between the probe field, the mechanical oscillator, and the amplified modes of the OPA, highlighting the role of these interactions in shaping the propagation of light in such systems.
We study the Fano resonance and slow light in a hybrid optomechanical system, where a mechanical resonator is coupled to a cavity via radiation pressure and to a two-level system (qubit) via the Jaynes-Cummings coupling. The absorption spectra of the weak probe field can exhibit a series of asymmetric Fano line shapes when the frequency of the strong control field varies. The positions of the double Fano resonances can be determined by the cavity--control-field detuning, the qubit-resonator coupling strength, and the transition frequency of the qubit. Furthermore, the transparency windows in the probe transmission spectrum are accompanied by the rapid normal phase dispersion, which indicates the slow light effect. We find that the group delay of the transmitted probe field can be tuned by the frequency and amplitude of the control field and is inversely proportional to the decay rate of the qubit.
Quantum coherence in atomic systems has led to fascinating outcomes, such as laser cooling and trapping, Bose-Einstein condensates, and electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT). In EIT, the sharp cancellation of medium absorption has led to phenomena such as lasing without inversion, freezing light, and dynamic storage of light in a solid-state system. Similar to atomic systems, EIT-like effects can be observed through classical and optical means. Here we report the first experimental deterministic tuning of all-optical analogue to EIT in coherently-coupled standing-wave photonic crystal cavities. Our observations include transparency-resonance lifetimes more than three times the single loaded cavity, Fano-type lineshapes, and stepwise control of the coherent cavity-cavity interference. Our system, with wavelength-scale localization and coupled to a single waveguide, is analyzed well through the coupled-mode formalism which examines the delay in both transparency- and Fano-like lineshapes. Our observations support applications towards all-optical trapping, stopping and time-reversal of light in a solid-state scalable implementation.