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arXiv:1511.00087 · Physical Review A

Error-rejecting quantum computing with solid-state spins assisted by low- Q optical microcavities

Tao Li, Fu‐Guo Deng

Published Dec 8, 2016• 62 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present an efficient proposal for error-rejecting quantum computing with quantum dots (QDs) embedded in single-sided optical microcavities based on the interface between the circularly polarized photon and QDs. An almost unity fidelity of the quantum entangling gate (EG) can be implemented with a detectable error that leads to a recycling EG procedure, which improves further the efficiency of our proposal along with the robustness to the errors involved in imperfect input-output processes. Meanwhile, we discuss the performance of our proposal for the EG on two solid-state spins with currently achieved experiment parameters, showing that it is feasible with current experimental technology. It provides a promising building block for solid-state quantum computing and quantum networks.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.94.062310

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We present an efficient proposal for error-rejecting quantum computing with quantum dots (QDs) embedded in single-sided optical microcavities based on the interface between the circularly polarized photon and QDs. An almost unity fidelity of the quantum entangling gate (EG) can be implemented with a detectable error that leads to a recycling EG procedure, which improves further the efficiency of our proposal along with the robustness to the errors involved in imperfect input-output processes. Meanwhile, we discuss the performance of our proposal for the EG on two solid-state spins with currently achieved experiment parameters, showing that it is feasible with current experimental technology. It provides a promising building block for solid-state quantum computing and quantum networks.
Semiconductor quantum dots (known as artificial atoms) hold great promise for solid-state quantum networks and quantum computers. To realize a quantum network, it is crucial to achieve light-matter entanglement and coherent quantum-state transfer between light and matter. Here we present a robust photon-spin entangling gate with high fidelity and high efficiency (up to 50 percent) using a charged quantum dot in a double-sided microcavity. This gate is based on giant circular birefringence induced by a single electron spin, and functions as an optical circular polariser which allows only one circularly-polarized component of light to be transmitted depending on the electron spin states. We show this gate can be used for single-shot quantum non-demolition measurement of a single electron spin, and can work as an entanglement filter to make a photon-spin entangler, spin entangler and photon entangler as well as a photon-spin quantum interface. This work allows us to make all building blocks for solid-state quantum networks with single photons and quantum-dot spins.
We propose a heralded quantum repeater protocol based on the general interface between the circularly polarized photon and the quantum dot embedded in a double-sided optical microcavity. Our effective time-bin encoding on photons results in the deterministic faithful entanglement distribution with one optical fiber for the transmission of each photon in our protocol, not two or more. Our efficient parity-check detector implemented with only one input-output process of a single photon as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics makes the entanglement channel extension and entanglement purification in quantum repeater far more efficient than others, and it has the potential application in fault-tolerant quantum computation as well. Meanwhile, the deviation from a collective-noise channel leads to some phase-flip errors on the nonlocal electron spins shared by the parties and these errors can be depressed by our simplified entanglement purification process. Finally, we discuss the performance of our proposal, concluding that it is feasible with current technology.
A fascinating dream in quantum information science is to build quantum computers with super-performance and quantum networks with unconditional security [1]. Quantum networks utilize static (matter) quantum bits (qubits) to store and process quantum information at local nodes, and photons as flying qubits for long-distance quantum state transmission between different nodes. To realize a quantum network, it is crucial to achieve light-matter entanglement and reversible quantum-state transfer between light and matter, i.e., the light-matter quantum interface, and the quantum repeater for large-scale quantum communications [2]. Recent experiments have shown that both electrons and holes confined in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have long spin relaxation time (T1e, T1h ~ ms) and long spin coherence time (T2e ~ microseconds, T2h > 100 ns). Moreover, fast spin cooling and ultra-fast spin manipulation as well as spin echoes to preserve the spin coherence have also been demonstrated. Undoubtedly these rapid progresses imply that the QD spin is a good candidate for matter qubit in quantum information processing. Furthermore, QD-based single photon sources have been also developed. Therefore, semiconductor QDs offer a good platform for solid-state quantum networking and quantum computation. Here we present two types of conditional quantum gates, i.e., the photon-spin entangling gates [3-4] using a single QD spin in a single-sided or double-sided optical microcavity. Both gates are universal and deterministic (if they are optimized). The spin-selective coherent photon-spin interaction enhanced by the cavity QED lead to giant circular birefringence, which allows us to build these gates. We will show the versatile spin-cavity systems can be applied in all aspects of quantum information science and technology, not only for large-scale quantum communication networks (solid-state quantum repeaters) [5], but also for scalable quantum computing with either photons or spins as qubits. We will also discuss other applications using these gates, such as photon-number resolving detection, quantum feed-back control, loss-resistant quantum metrology, and loophole-free Bell test [6], and other devices based on optical nonlinearity at single-photon levels in these gate structures. All these schemes are feasible with current semiconductor technology [7], and we have recently seen conditional phase shifts in uncharged QD-cavity systems [8]. References [1] H.J. Kimble, Nature (London) 453, 1023 (2008). [2] H.-J. Briegel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5932 (1998). [3] C.Y. Hu et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, 085307 (2008); ibid. 78, 125318 (2008). [4] C.Y. Hu et al., Phys. Rev. B 80, 205326 (2009). [5] C.Y. Hu and J.G. Rarity, Phys. Rev. B 83, 115303 (2011). [6] N. Brunner et al., Arxiv: quant-phys 1303.6522 (2013). [7] S. Reitzenstein et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 251109 (2007). [8] A.B. Young et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 011803 (2011).
Based on a hybrid system consisting of a quantum dot coupled with a double-sided micropillar cavity, we investigate the implementation of an error-detected photonic quantum routing controlled by the other photon. The computational errors from unexpected experimental imperfections are heralded by single photon detections, resulting in a unit fidelity for the present scheme, so that this scheme is intrinsically robust. We discuss the performance of the scheme with currently achievable experimental parameters. Our results show that the present scheme is efficient. Furthermore, our scheme could provide a promising building block for quantum networks and distributed quantum information processing in the future.
Abstract We use the quantum-dots (QD) coupled with single-sided microcavities system to construct the error-rejecting controlled not (CNOT) gate of electronic spins system in QD; We have designed an error-rejecting entanglement purification protocol (EPP) of electronic spins system in QD by using the error-rejecting CNOT gate and unitary operation. It can extract the high entanglement from the mixed entanglement states of the electronic spins with low entangled states. This EPP can eliminate the operation errors caused by the nonideal interaction between photons and QD coupled with optical microcavities system, and improve the fidelity of the EPP through iteration. Our scheme is more practical in future long-distance quantum communications, especially providing significant benefits for solving decoherence problems in quantum networks and quantum repeaters.
Effective schemes are proposed for the generation of bipartite Bell states and theoretically scaling up to arbitrary multiparticle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger, cluster, and W states among quantum-dot (QD) spins. They are realized based on the interaction between an single incident photon and single QD spin. Errors from system nonuniformity and defective photon scattering are transformed into detectable photon losses. In the event of a failed experiment, the system allows for the reinjection of a single photon and the reinitiation of the quantum circuit, until a successful outcome is achieved. This loss-prediction and experiment-repeatability approach ensures that the schemes are implemented with uniform and robust fidelity. Compared with the previous methods, these schemes significantly simplify experimental procedures and analysis processes. Furthermore, upon successful execution of the experiment, the use of single-photon detector can faithfully differentiate between various types of entangled states, depending on the initial states of the QD spins. An analysis of the feasibility of the schemes under current experimental parameters suggests high efficiency even in the weak coupling region.