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arXiv:1510.05221 · Quantum Information and Computation

Electrical control of strong spin-phonon coupling in a carbon nanotube

Fang-Yu Hong, Jing-Li Fu, Yan Wu, Zhi-Yan Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2017• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We describe an approach to electrically control the strong interaction between a single electron spin and the vibrational motion of a suspended carbon nanotube resonator. The strength of the deflection-induced spin-phonon coupling is dependent on the wavefunction of the electron confined in a lateral carbon nanotube quantum dot. An electrical field along the nanotube shifts the effective center of the quantum dot, leading to the corresponding modification of the spin-phonon strength. Numerical simulations with experimentally reachable parameters show that high fidelity quantum state transfer between mechanical and spin qubits driven by electrical pulses is feasible. Our results form the basis for the fully electrical control of the coherent interconvertion between light and spin qubits and for manufacturing electrically driven quantum information processing systems.

DOI
10.26421/qic17.1-2-7

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We describe an approach to electrically control the strong interaction between a single electron spin and the vibrational motion of a suspended carbon nanotube resonator. The strength of the deflection-induced spin-phonon coupling is dependent on the wavefunction of the electron confined in a lateral carbon nanotube quantum dot. An electrical field along the nanotube shifts the effective center of the quantum dot, leading to the corresponding modification of the spin-phonon strength. Numerical simulations with experimentally reachable parameters show that high fidelity quantum state transfer between mechanical and spin qubits driven by electrical pulses is feasible. Our results form the basis for the fully electrical control of the coherent interconvertion between light and spin qubits and for manufacturing electrically driven quantum information processing systems.
We present a new scheme for quantum interfaces (QIs) to accomplish the interconversion of photonic qubits and spin qubits based on optomechanical resonators and the spin–orbit-induced interactions in suspended carbon nanotube quantum dots (CNTQDs). This interface implements quantum spin transducers and further enables electrical manipulation of local electron spin qubits, which lays the foundation for all-electrical control of state transfer protocols between two distant quantum nodes in a quantum network. We numerically evaluate the state transfer processes and proceed to estimate the effect of each coupling strength on the operation fidelities. The simulation suggests that high operation fidelities are obtainable under realistic experimental conditions.
In this thesis, we investigate the use of an on-chip micromagnet to control the magnetic-field profile along a carbon nanotube for spin-qubit applications. The nanotube serves as a coherent conductor in which a single electron is confined in a gate-defined double quantum dot shaped by the electrostatic potential along the tube. Quantum information is encoded in the electron's spin state, which serves as the qubit. The quantum-dot circuit is embedded in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture that enables qubit manipulation, readout, and long-range coupling. Coupling of the spin qubit to photons in a microwave resonator is enabled through spin-charge hybridization engineered by controlling the field profile along the nanotube: the electron in the double well experiences different spin-quantization axes in the two dots. Here, magnetic-field control is implemented by integrating a micromagnet into the quantum-dot circuit. Optimal geometries for on-chip field gradients are identified through numerical simulations to maximize the magnetic-field difference between the two quantum dots. Thin-film magnetic characterization and local field sensing of the micromagnet - using NV-center magnetometry - are performed. The experimental data are matched with micromagnetic simulations to predict the magnetic field generated by the magnet at various external fields and positions, and hence to forecast spin-qubit performance. To further enhance spin-photon coupling, the spin-qubit architecture is integrated with a microwave circuit fabricated from niobium nitride (NbN), a high-kinetic-inductance, magnetic-field-resilient superconductor. The design and characterization of a high-impedance resonator are detailed. Finally, we demonstrate on-chip integration of the carbon-nanotube quantum-dot circuit, the micromagnet, and the NbN microwave circuitry.
Abstract Spins confined in quantum dots are considered as a promising platform for quantum information processing. While many advanced quantum operations have been demonstrated, experimental as well as theoretical efforts are now focusing on the development of scalable spin quantum bit architectures. One particularly promising method relies on the coupling of spin quantum bits to microwave cavity photons. This would enable the coupling of distant spins via the exchange of virtual photons for two qubit gate applications, which still remains to be demonstrated with spin qubits. Here, we use a circuit QED spin–photon interface to drive a single electronic spin in a carbon nanotube-based double quantum dot using cavity photons. The microwave spectroscopy allows us to identify an electrically controlled spin transition with a decoherence rate which can be tuned to be as low as 250 kHz. We show that this value is consistent with the expected hyperfine coupling in carbon nanotubes. These coherence properties, which can be attributed to the use of pristine carbon nanotubes stapled inside the cavity, should enable coherent spin–spin interaction via cavity photons and compare favorably to the ones recently demonstrated in Si-based circuit QED experiments. Our clean and controlled nano-assembly technique of carbon nanotubes in the cavity could be further improved by purified 12 C growth to get rid of the nuclear spins resulting in an even higher spin coherence.
Suspended carbon nanotubes hosting electrostatically defined quantum dots allow for exceptionally strong and tunable electromechanical coupling as well as mechanical modes that can reach the quantum ground state of motion simply by cryogenic cooling. This makes them a unique platform for quantum simulation of electron-phonon coupling. Here, we propose an experimentally realisable setup with two such carbon nanotubes in parallel, each hosting four quantum dots. Our system not only exhibits phonon-mediated electron-electron attraction, but also supports a robust, maximally entangled Bell phase at mesoscopic scales shared across the subsystems. These features highlight its potential as a simulator of strongly correlated quantum systems.
The quantum behaviour of mechanical resonators is a new and emerging field driven by recent experiments reaching the quantum ground state. The high frequency, small mass, and large quality-factor of carbon nanotube resonators make them attractive for quantum nanomechanical applications. A common element in experiments achieving the resonator ground state is a second quantum system, such as coherent photons or a superconducting device, coupled to the resonators motion. For nanotubes, however, this is a challenge due to their small size. Here, we couple a carbon nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) device to a superconducting circuit. Suspended carbon nanotubes act as both superconducting junctions and moving elements in a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). We observe a strong modulation of the flux through the SQUID from displacements of the nanotube. Incorporating this SQUID into superconducting resonators and qubits should enable the detection and manipulation of nanotube mechanical quantum states at the single-phonon level.
We study theoretically electron spins in nanowire quantum dots placed inside a transmission line resonator. Because of the spin-orbit interaction, the spins couple to the electric component of the resonator electromagnetic field and enable coherent manipulation, storage, and readout of quantum information in an all-electrical fashion. Coupling between distant quantum-dot spins, in one and the same or different nanowires, can be efficiently performed via the resonator mode either in real time or through virtual processes. For the latter case, we derive an effective spin-entangling interaction and suggest means to turn it on and off. We consider both transverse and longitudinal types of nanowire quantum dots and compare their manipulation time scales against the spin relaxation times. For this, we evaluate the rates for spin relaxation induced by the nanowire vibrations (phonons) and show that, as a result of phonon confinement in the nanowire, this rate is a strongly varying function of the spin operation frequency and thus can be drastically reduced compared to lateral quantum dots in GaAs. Our scheme is a step forward to the formation of hybrid structures where qubits of different nature can be integrated in a single device.