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arXiv:1510.04898 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

The route to magnetic order in the spin-1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet: The role of interlayer coupling

Oliver Götze, Johannes Richter

Published Jun 1, 2016• 17 citations

Abstract

While the existence of a spin-liquid ground state of the spin-1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHAF) is well established, the discussion of the effect of an interlayer coupling (ILC) by controlled theoretical approaches is still lacking. Here we study this problem by using the coupled-cluster method to high orders of approximation. We consider a stacked KHAF with a perpendicular ILC , where we study ferro- as well as antiferromagnetic . We find that the spin-liquid ground state (GS) persists until relatively large strengths of the ILC. Only if the strength of the ILC exceeds about 15% of the intralayer coupling the spin-liquid phase gives way for q = 0 magnetic long-range order, where the transition between both phases is continuous and the critical strength of the ILC, , is almost independent of the sign of . Thus, by contrast to the quantum GS selection of the strictly two-dimensional KHAF at large spin s , the ILC leads first to a selection of the q = 0 GS. Only at larger the ILC drives a first-order transition to the long-range ordered GS. As a result, the stacked spin-1/2 KHAF exhibits a rich GS phase diagram with two continuous and two discontinuous transitions driven by the ILC.

DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/114/67004

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While the existence of a spin-liquid ground state of the spin-1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHAF) is well established, the discussion of the effect of an interlayer coupling (ILC) by controlled theoretical approaches is still lacking. Here we study this problem by using the coupled-cluster method to high orders of approximation. We consider a stacked KHAF with a perpendicular ILC , where we study ferro- as well as antiferromagnetic . We find that the spin-liquid ground state (GS) persists until relatively large strengths of the ILC. Only if the strength of the ILC exceeds about 15% of the intralayer coupling the spin-liquid phase gives way for q = 0 magnetic long-range order, where the transition between both phases is continuous and the critical strength of the ILC, , is almost independent of the sign of . Thus, by contrast to the quantum GS selection of the strictly two-dimensional KHAF at large spin s , the ILC leads first to a selection of the q = 0 GS. Only at larger the ILC drives a first-order transition to the long-range ordered GS. As a result, the stacked spin-1/2 KHAF exhibits a rich GS phase diagram with two continuous and two discontinuous transitions driven by the ILC.

Abstract The nature of the ground state for the S = 1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHAF) has been elusive. We revisit this challenging problem and provide numerical evidence that its ground state might be a chiral spin liquid. Combining the density matrix renormalization group method and analytical analyses, we demonstrate that the previously observed chiral spin liquid phase in the KHAF with longer-range couplings is stable in a broader region. We characterize the nature of the ground state by computing energy derivatives, revealing ground-state degeneracy arising from spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry, and targeting the semion sector. We further investigate the phase diagram in the vicinity of the KHAF and observe a √3 × √3 magnetically ordered phase and two valence-bond crystal phases.

Abstract The nature of the ground state for the S = 1/2 Kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHAF) has been elusive. We revisit this challenging problem and provide numerical evidence that its ground state is a chiral spin liquid. Combining the density matrix renormalization group method with analytical analyses, we demonstrate that the previously observed chiral spin liquid phase in the KHAF with longer-range couplings is stable in a broader region of the phase diagram. We characterize the nature of the ground state by computing energy derivatives, revealing the ground-state degeneracy arising from the spontaneous breaking of the time-reversal symmetry, and targeting the semion sector. We further investigate the phase diagram in the vicinity of the KHAF and observe a

\sqrt{3}\times \sqrt{3}

3 × 3 magnetically ordered phase and two valence-bond crystal phases.

We report on recent results for strongly frustrated quantum J1 - J2 antiferromagnets in dimensionality d = 1, 2, 3 obtained by the coupled cluster method (CCM). We demonstrate that the CCM in high orders of approximation allows us to investigate quantum phase transitions driven by frustration and to discuss novel quantum ground states. In detail we consider the ground-state properties of (i) the Heisenberg spin-1/2 antiferromagnet on the cubic lattice in d = 1, 2, 3, and use the results for the energy, the sublattice magnetization and the spin stiffness as a benchmark test for the precision of the method; (ii) coupled frustrated spin chains (the quasi-one-dimensional J1 - J2 model) and discuss the influence of the quantum fluctuations and the interchain coupling on the incommensurate spiral state present in the classical model; (iii) the Shastry-Sutherland antiferromagnet on the square lattice; and (iv) a stacked frustrated square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet (the quasi-two-dimensional J1 - J2 model), and discuss the influence of the interlayer coupling on the quantum paramagnetic ground-state phase that is present for the strictly two-dimensional model.

The effect of the quenched bond-randomness on the ordering of the

S=1/2

antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice is investigated by means of an exact-diagonalization method. When the randomness exceeds a critical value, the ground state of the model exhibits a transition within the non-magnetic state into the randomness-relevant gapless spin-liquid state. Implications to the S=1/2 kagome-lattice antiferromagnet herbertsmithite is discussed.

Evidence for a Z

_2

topological ordered quantum spin liquid in a kagome-lattice antiferromagnet

A quantum spin liquid with a

Z_2

topological order has long been thought to be important for the application of quantum computing and may be related to high-temperature superconductivity. While a two-dimensional kagome antiferromagnet may host such a state, strong experimental evidences are still lacking. Here we show that the spin excitations from the kagome planes in magnetically ordered Cu

_4

(OD)

_6

FBr and non-magnetically ordered Cu

_3

Zn(OD)

_6

FBr are similarly gapped although the content of inter-kagome-layer Cu

^{2+}

ions changes dramatically. This suggests that the spin triplet gap and continuum of the intrinsic kagome antiferromagnet are robust against the interlayer magnetic impurities. Our results show that the ground state of Cu

_3

Zn(OD)

_6

FBr is a gapped quantum spin liquid with Z

_2

topological order.

We give a rigorous proof of the existence of long-range antiferromagnetic order in the ground state of several two-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg systems.Three types of systems are considered.The first type consists of an even number, N , of coupled square lattices with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor Heisenberg interactions.In this case, we prove the existence of long-range order (LRO) in the ground state for an interplane to inplane coupling ratio r in the range 0.16 ≤ r ≤ 2.1 for N ≥ 4. Further, we prove that the antiferromagnetic bilayer with ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor (nnn) interplane couplings possesses LRO in the ground state for 0.21 ≤ r < 1/4, where r is the absolute value of the ratio of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings.The final example consists of two antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 square lattices that are coupled via an antiferromagnetic nnn interplane coupling r.For r = 1, this system is effectively a spin-1 square lattice and has an ordered ground state.We show that LRO exists in the region 0.85 ≤ r ≤ 1. * ) Note that E r q in the notation of KLS corresponds to 2 + r -E q in our notation.