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arXiv:1510.04329 · Review of Scientific Instruments

Simple laser stabilization to the strontium 88Sr transition at 707 nm

Matthew A. Norcia, James K. Thompson

Published Feb 1, 2016• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We describe frequency stabilization of a laser at 707 nm wavelength using FM spectroscopy in a hollow cathode lamp. The laser is stabilized to the (88)Sr metastable (3)P2 to (3)S1 optical transition. The stabilized laser is utilized for laser-cooling and trapping of strontium atoms. We also briefly describe how the same hollow cathode lamp is used to simultaneously derive a polarization spectroscopy signal for stabilizing the blue-MOT laser at 461 nm.

DOI
10.1063/1.4942434

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We describe frequency stabilization of a laser at 707 nm wavelength using FM spectroscopy in a hollow cathode lamp. The laser is stabilized to the (88)Sr metastable (3)P2 to (3)S1 optical transition. The stabilized laser is utilized for laser-cooling and trapping of strontium atoms. We also briefly describe how the same hollow cathode lamp is used to simultaneously derive a polarization spectroscopy signal for stabilizing the blue-MOT laser at 461 nm.
We report on the demonstration of Doppler-free spectroscopy of metastable Sr atoms using a hollow cathode lamp (HCL). We employed a custom Sr HCL, which is filled with a mixture of 0.5 Torr Ne and 0.5 Torr Xe as a buffer gas to suppress velocity changing collisions and increase the populations in all of the (5s5p)3PJ(J=0,1,2) metastable states. We performed frequency modulation spectroscopy for the (5s5p)3P0−(5s6s)3S1, (5s5p)3P1−(5s6s)3S1, (5s5p)3P2−(5s5d)3D2, and (5s5p)3P2−(5s5d)3D3 transitions with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios for laser frequency stabilization. We also observed the hyperfine transitions of (5s5p)3P2−(5s5d)3D3 of Sr87. This method would greatly facilitate laser cooling of Sr.
We develop a laser system with a wavelength of 461 nm and a power of 175 mW using a master oscillation power amplifier (MOPA) system and second-harmonic generation (SHG) via a KNbO 3 crystal. To stabilize the laser frequency to the atomic absorption line, we measured the saturated absorption spectrum of a Sr hollow-cathode lamp. The dependences of the Lamb dip signal and the frequency modulation spectrum on the pump beam power were observed. The collision broadening due to the Ne buffer gas increased the observed width of the signals in addition to the saturation effect. In spite of such an increased width (∼100 MHz), we demonstrated stable magneto-optical trapping of Sr atoms. The number of atoms obtained, 1×10 7 , is sufficient to proceed to various ultracold Sr atoms experiments.
The modulation transfer spectroscopy in an ytterbium hollow cathode lamp at 399 nm is measured. The error signal for frequency locking is optimized by measuring the dependences of its slope, linewidth and magnitude on various parameters. Under the optimum condition, the laser frequency at 399 nm can be stabilized. The long-term stability of laser frequency is measured by monitoring the fluorescence signal of the ytterbium atomic beam induced by the locked laser. The laser frequency is shown to be tightly locked, and the stabilized laser is successfully applied to the cooling of ytterbium atoms.
We have demonstrated simultaneous laser frequency stabilization of a UV and IR laser, to coupled transitions of ions in the same spectroscopic sample, by detecting only the absorption of the UV laser. Separate signals for locking the different lasers are obtained by modulating each laser at a different frequency and using lock-in detection of a single photodiode signal. Experimentally, we simultaneously lock a 369 nm and a 935 nm laser to the (2)S(1/2) → (2)(P(1/2) and (2)D(3/2) → (3)D([3/2]1/2) transitions, respectively, of Yb(+) ions generated in a hollow cathode discharge lamp. Stabilized lasers at these frequencies are required for cooling and trapping Yb(+) ions, used in quantum information and in high precision metrology experiments. This technique should be readily applicable to other ion and neutral atom systems requiring multiple stabilized lasers.
We report a robust method of stabilizing a laser to the frequency of an atomic transition using a hollow cathode lamp. In contrast to the standard dichroic atomic vapor laser lock method, which uses dichroism induced by a longitudinal magnetic field, we employ birefringence induced by a transversal magnetic field. We applied this method to the ( 5 s 2 ) 1 S 0 − ( 5 s 5 p ) 1 P 1 transition (461 nm) of Sr. Although the hollow cathode is made of ferromagnetic material, we successfully applied a magnetic field of sufficient strength to obtain an error signal with a theoretical maximum slope. This method may be applied to other hollow cathode lamps of different atomic species.
We stabilize an ultraviolet diode laser system at 369.5 nm to the optical absorption signal from Yb+ ions in a hollow-cathode discharge lamp. The error signal for stabilization is obtained by Zeeman spectroscopy of the 3 GHz wide absorption feature. The frequency stability is independently measured by comparison to the fluorescence signal from a laser-cooled crystal of Y174b+ ions in a linear Paul trap. We measure a frequency fluctuation of 1.7 MHz over 1000 s and a frequency drift of 20 MHz over 7 days. Our method is suitable for use in quantum information processing experiments with trapped ion crystals.