This article describes a proposed way to conduct an experiment using a correlated particle pair in an entangled state, which leaves no room for any local models.
Nonlocality can be studied through different approaches, such as Bell's inequalities, and it can be found in numerous quantum states, including GHZ states or graph states. Hardy's paradox, or Hardy-type nonlocality, provides a way to investigate nonlocality for entangled states of particles without using inequalities. Previous studies of Hardy's nonlocality have mostly focused on the fully entangled systems, while other entanglement configurations remain less explored. In this work, the system under investigation consists of four particles arranged in a cyclic entanglement configuration, where each particle forms entangled pairs with two neighbors, while non-neighboring particles remain unentangled. We found that this entanglement structure offers a larger set of conditions that lead to the contradiction with the LHV model, compared to the fully entangled systems. This enhancement can be attributed to the presence of multiple excluded states and correlations, in which the measurement result of a particle only influences the result of its paired partners. We implement quantum circuits compatible with the cyclic entanglement structure, and through simulation, the correlation patterns and the states of interest are identified. We further execute the proposed circuits on IBM Brisbane, a practical backend; however, the results show considerable deviations from the simulation counterparts.
The purposes of the present article are: a) To show that non-locality leads to the transfer of certain amounts of energy and angular momentum at very long distances, in an absolutely strange and unnatural manner, in any model reproducing the quantum mechanical results. b) To prove that non-locality is the result only of the zero spin state assumption for distant particles, which explains its presence in any quantum mechanical model. c) To reintroduce locality, simply by denying the existence of the zero spin state in nature (the so-called highly correlated, or EPR singlet state) for particles non-interacting with any known field. d) To propose a realizable experiment to clarify if two remote (and thus non-interacting with a known field) particles, supposed to be correlated as in Bell-type experiments, are actually in zero spin state.
Abstract. In this note we shall show that the proof of the nonlocality of Quantum Mechanics given in [1] contains a gap. We also show that Bell inequalities cannot be derived in the modified QM. In the paper [1] there is a proof of the nonlocality of Quantum Mechanics (QM). In the proof of this statement the main step is the following implication: “from EPR correlations to the predetermination”. This means the following: “A deterministic hidden variable theory was one’s only hope, if one wanted to explain the predicted quantum correlations in a local way. ” ([1]. Page 2) – i.e. the nonlocality or the pre-determination. “The important thing was instead that the only way to explain the perfect correlations locally is to attribute outcome-determining properties to the individual particles. These properties, evidently, would vary randomly from one particle pair to the next, but would be fixed (in an appropriately correlated way) once and for all at the source for a given particle pair. ” ([1], page 2). This may be called the pre-determination. “ … such deterministic hidden variables are the only way to account locally for the