Abstract We study the evolution of the hybrid entangled states in a bipartite (ultra) strongly coupled qubit-oscillator system. Using the generalized rotating wave approximation the reduced density matrices of the qubit and the oscillator are obtained. The reduced density matrix of the oscillator yields the phase space quasi probability distributions such as the diagonal P -representation, the Wigner W -distribution and the Husimi Q -function. In the strong coupling regime the Q -function evolves to uniformly separated macroscopically distinct Gaussian peaks representing ‘kitten’ states at certain specified times that depend on multiple time scales present in the interacting system. The ultrastrong coupling strength of the interaction triggers appearance of a large number of modes that quickly develop a randomization of their phase relationships. A stochastic averaging of the dynamical quantities sets in, and leads to the decoherence of the system. The delocalization in the phase space of the oscillator is studied by using the Wehrl entropy. The negativity of the W -distribution reflects the departure of the oscillator from the classical states, and allows us to study the underlying differences between various information-theoretic measures such as the Wehrl entropy and the Wigner entropy. Other features of nonclassicality such as the existence of the squeezed states and appearance of negative values of the Mandel parameter are realized during the course of evolution of the bipartite system. In the parametric regime studied here these properties do not survive in the time-averaged limit.
Abstract We study the evolution of the hybrid entangled states in a bipartite (ultra) strongly coupled qubit-oscillator system. Using the generalized rotating wave approximation the reduced density matrices of the qubit and the oscillator are obtained. The reduced density matrix of the oscillator yields the phase space quasi probability distributions such as the diagonal P -representation, the Wigner W -distribution and the Husimi Q -function. In the strong coupling regime the Q -function evolves to uniformly separated macroscopically distinct Gaussian peaks representing ‘kitten’ states at certain specified times that depend on multiple time scales present in the interacting system. The ultrastrong coupling strength of the interaction triggers appearance of a large number of modes that quickly develop a randomization of their phase relationships. A stochastic averaging of the dynamical quantities sets in, and leads to the decoherence of the system. The delocalization in the phase space of the oscillator is studied by using the Wehrl entropy. The negativity of the W -distribution reflects the departure of the oscillator from the classical states, and allows us to study the underlying differences between various information-theoretic measures such as the Wehrl entropy and the Wigner entropy. Other features of nonclassicality such as the existence of the squeezed states and appearance of negative values of the Mandel parameter are realized during the course of evolution of the bipartite system. In the parametric regime studied here these properties do not survive in the time-averaged limit.
We study the evolution of the hybrid entangled squeezed states of the qubit-oscillator system in the strong coupling domain. Following the adiabatic approximation we obtain the reduced density matrices of the qubit and the oscillator degrees of freedom. The oscillator reduced density matrix is utilized to calculate the quasiprobability distributions such as the Sudarshan-Glauber diagonal P -representation, the Wigner W -distribution, and the nonnegative Husimi Q-function. The negativity associated with the W -distribution acts as a measure of the nonclassicality of the state. The existence of the multiple time scales induced by the interaction introduces certain features in the bipartite system. In the strong coupling regime the transient evolution to low entropy configurations reveals brief emergence of nearly pure kitten states that may be regarded as superposition of uniformly separated distinguishable squeezed coherent states. However, the quantum fluctuations with a short time period engender bifurcation and subsequent rejoining of these peaks in the phase space. The abovementioned doubling of the number of peaks increases the entropy to its near maximal value. Nonetheless, these states characterized by high entropy values, are endowed with a large negativity of the W -distribution that points towards their non-Gaussian behavior. This may be ascertained by the significantly large Hilbert-Schmidt distance between the oscillator state and an ensemble of most general statistical mixture of squeezed Gaussian states possessing nearly identical second order quadrature moments as that of the oscillator.
Starting with the quasi-Bell states of the qubit-oscillator system, we obtain time evolution of the density matrix under the adiabatic approximation. The composite density matrix leads to, via partial tracing of the qubit degree of freedom, the reduced density matrix of the oscillator that is utilized to obtain the quasi-probability distributions such as Glauber-Sudarshan P function, Wigner W function and Husimi Q function. The negativity of the Wigner function acts as a measure of the nonclassicality of the state. The negativity becomes particularly relevant in understanding a comparison between the Wigner entropy with the Wehrl entropy, which are based on the W function and Q function, respectively.
Abstract We study a system of two cavities each encapsulating a qubit and an oscillator degrees of freedom. An ultrastrong interaction between the qubit and the oscillator is assumed, and the photons are allowed to hop between the cavities. A partition of the time scale between the fast-moving oscillator and the slow moving qubit allows us to set up an adiabatic approximation procedure where we employ the delocalized degrees of freedom to diagonalize the Hamiltonian. The time evolution of the N 00 N -type initial states now furnishes, for instance, the reduced density matrix of a bipartite system of two qubits. For a macroscopic size of the N 00 N component of the initial state the sudden death of the entanglement between the qubits and its continued null value are prominently manifest as the information percolates to the qubits after long intervals. For the low photon numbers of the initial states the dynamics produces almost maximally entangled two-qubit states, which by utilizing the Hilbert–Schmidt distance between the density matrices, are observed to be nearly pure generalized Bell states.
In this paper we develop a method of solving the dynamics of minimal open systems of coupled oscillators and qubits. Extracting the time-dependence of the system from its underlying Lie algebra of operators we find the time evolution operator, allowing us to explore the evolution of various initial states of the system and environment. For these initial states we find the linear entropy, a measure of decoherence of the system, and visualize the dynamics using Husimi functions and Bloch spheres for oscillator and qubit systems, respectively. We find that increasing the interaction of the system with its environment results in more rapid decoherence. For coupled oscillators, under the rotating wave approximation we find periodic linear entropies whereas for the anti-rotating wave approximation we find that the linear entropy can lose periodicity. For a qubit system coupled to an oscillator environment we find oscillatory linear entropies that are pseudo-periodic.
Under the non-rotating wave approximation, the quantum evolution of entanglement property of a two-qubit and oscillator coupling system is accurately investigated by the method of coherent-state orthogonalization expansion. The property of the ground state for qubit-oscillator system and the difference between qubit-oscillator entanglement and qubit-qubit entanglement when resonant vibration occurs are discussed. The calculation results show that when the external field is not taken into consideration, the qubit-qubit entanglement reduces from 1 to 0 rapidly with the increase of coupling strength, indicating the strong sensitivity of the entanglement to the coupling strength. On the contrary, with the increase of the coupling the qubit-oscillator entanglement rises from 0, but does not reach the maximum value 2. At the beginning, when the two qubits do not entangle, the vacuum field does not lead to the entanglement in weak coupling. However, the strong coupling can induce the sudden appearance of the entanglement.
We investigate the quantum entanglement dynamics of two coupled harmonic oscillators with a time-dependent interaction. Using the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant method, we derive the exact analytical wave functions without any perturbative or adiabatic approximations and combine this with a phase-space analysis using the Wigner function to provide a complete description of the system's quantum state evolution. We obtain general expression form for the purity and the linear entropy SL=1−P for arbitrary excitation numbers (n,m), allows a systematic study of entanglement for a large class of quantum states. We show that the entanglement dynamics is very sensitive to the interplay between the detuning parameters θ and ϑ2, the frequency parameter β0 and the coupling strength ε: the increase of detuning takes the system from slow irregular oscillations to fast and regular periodic behavior, and the stronger coupling systematically enhances both the amplitude and the average value of the linear entropy. Most importantly, for the resonance case ω1=ω2=1 and strong couplings ε≈0.99, the system shows robust undamped synchronized periodic oscillations of the linear entropy for all quantum states considered, indicating preserved quantum coherence without saturation. Our findings demonstrate that linear entropy is a sensitive and practical entanglement witness, and we establish explicit analytical relations between the coupling parameters of the system and its entanglement properties, which are directly relevant to quantum information processing and the control of quantum correlations in continuous-variable systems.