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arXiv:1508.04878

All-optical control of superradiance and matter waves using a dispersive cavity

Shih-Wei Su, Zhen-Kai Lu, Nina Rohringer, Shih-Chuan Gou, Wen-Te Liao

Published Aug 20, 2015• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) plays an elegant role of studying strong coupling between light and matter. However, a non-mechanical, direct and dynamical control of the used mirrors is still unavailable. Here we theoretically investigate a novel type of dynamically controllable cavity composed of two atomic mirrors. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), the reflectance of atomic mirror is highly controllable through its dispersive properties by varying the intensity of applied coupling fields or the optical depth of atomic media. To demonstrate the uniqueness of the present cavity, we further show the possibility of manipulating vacuum-induced diffraction of a binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) when loading it into a dispersive cavity and experiencing superradiant scatterings. Our results may provide a novel all-optical element for atom optics and shine new light on controlling light-matter interaction.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1508.04878

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Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) plays an elegant role of studying strong coupling between light and matter. However, a non-mechanical, direct and dynamical control of the used mirrors is still unavailable. Here we theoretically investigate a novel type of dynamically controllable cavity composed of two atomic mirrors. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), the reflectance of atomic mirror is highly controllable through its dispersive properties by varying the intensity of applied coupling fields or the optical depth of atomic media. To demonstrate the uniqueness of the present cavity, we further show the possibility of manipulating vacuum-induced diffraction of a binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) when loading it into a dispersive cavity and experiencing superradiant scatterings. Our results may provide a novel all-optical element for atom optics and shine new light on controlling light-matter interaction.
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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an important tool for controlling light propagation and nonlinear wave mixing in atomic gases with potential applications ranging from quantum computing to table top tests of general relativity. Here we consider EIT in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in a double-well potential. A weak probe laser propagates through one of the wells and interacts with atoms in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration. The well through which the probe propagates is dressed by a strong control laser with Rabi frequency ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$, as in standard EIT systems. Tunneling between the wells at the frequency ggg provides a coherent coupling between identical electronic states in the two wells, which leads to the formation of interwell dressed states. The macroscopic interwell coherence of the BEC wave function results in the formation of two ultranarrow absorption resonances for the probe field that are inside of the ordinary EIT transparency window. We show that these new resonances can be interpreted in terms of the interwell dressed states and the formation of a type of dark state involving the control laser and the interwell tunneling. To either side of these ultranarrow resonances there is normal dispersion with very large slope controlled by ggg. We discuss prospects for observing these ultranarrow resonances and the corresponding regions of high dispersion experimentally.
The interaction between Bose Einstein condensates (BECs) and coherent light fields is treated within the framework of nonlinear wave mixing and studied using techniques developed in the fields of nonlinear and quantum optics. We focus in particular on two situations involving a BEC driven by a strong off-resonant 'pump' laser. First, we consider the case where the laser light is scattered into a single mode of an optical ring cavity. We then consider the case where the light is scattered into the continuum of vacuum modes of the electric field. The first problem is an extension of recent theoretical and experimental work on the so-called collective atomic recoil laser (CARL), whereas the second corresponds to a recent condensate-superradiance experiment performed at MIT. In the cavity situation, we develop a CARL model in which both the atomic and optical fields are treated fully quantum mechanically. We first show that the previous CARL model, which treats the atomic motion classically, breaks down at the recoil temperature due to the effects of matter-wave diffraction. We then show that when combined with a BEC the CARL can be viewed as a device which parametrically amplifies atomic and optical fields. The existence of entanglement and non-classical intensity correlations between the amplified atomic and optical fields is demonstrated, as well as the ability to manipulate the quantum statistical properties of the matter and light waves by injecting a weak laser field into the optical cavity to trigger the device. By replacing the cavity mode with a continuum of modes, we are able to formulate a quantum theory of condensate superradiance in which the scattered light field is eliminated in the Markov approximation. This model shows that condensate depletion leads to mode competition which prevents light scattering in all but the preferred direction(s). The outcome of the mode-competition is highly sensitive to the quantum fluctuations which trigger the phenomenon, resulting in large run-to-run variations in the angular pattern of the superradiant light pulse, an effect which is observed experimentally.
We investigate the effects of a movable mirror (cantilever) of an optical cavity on the superradiant light scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical lattice. We show that the mirror motion has a dynamic dispersive effect on the cavity-pump detuning. Varying the intensity of the pump beam, one can switch between the pure superradiant regime and the Bragg scattering regime. The mechanical frequency of the mirror strongly influences the time interval between two Bragg peaks. We found that when the system is in the resolved side band regime for mirror cooling, the superradiant scattering is enhanced due to coherent energy transfer from the mechanical mirror mode to the cavity field mode.
We investigate the effects of a movable mirror (cantilever) of an optical cavity on the superradiant light scattering from a Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical lattice. We show that the mirror motion has a dynamic dispersive effect on the cavity-pump detuning. Varying the intensity of the pump beam, one can switch between the pure superradiant regime and the Bragg scattering regime. The mechanical frequency of the mirror strongly influences the time interval between two Bragg peaks. We find that when the system is in the resolved side band regime for mirror cooling, the superradiant scattering is enhanced due to coherent energy transfer from the mechanical mirror mode to the cavity field mode.
We propose and analyze a scheme for controlling coherent photon transmission and reflection in a cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (CQED) system consisting of an optical resonator coupled with three-level atoms coherently prepared by a control laser from free space. When the control laser is off and the cavity is excited by two identical light fields from two ends of the cavity, the two input light fields can be completely absorbed by the CQED system and the light energy is converted into the excitation of the polariton states, but no light can escape from the cavity. Two distinct cases of controlling the perfect photon absorption are analyzed: (a) when the control laser is tuned to the atomic resonance and creates electromagnetically induced transparency, the perfect photon absorption is suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely transmitted through the cavity; (b) when the control laser is tuned to the polariton state resonance and inhibits the polariton state excitation, the perfect photon absorption is again suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely reflected from the cavity. Thus, the CQED system can act as a perfect absorber or near-perfect transmitter and/or reflector by simply turning the control laser off or on. Such interference control of the coherent photon-atom interaction in the CQED system should be useful for a variety of applications in optical logical devices.