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arXiv:1507.04273 · Physical Review A

Probing spin dynamics from the Mott insulating to the superfluid regime in a dipolar lattice gas

A. de Paz, P. Pedri, Arijit Sharma, Maxim A. Efremov, B. Naylor, O. Gorceix, É. Maréchal, L. Vernac, B. Laburthe-Tolra

Published Feb 2, 2016• 32 citations
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Abstract

We analyze the spin dynamics of an out-of-equilibrium large spin dipolar atomic Bose gas in an optical lattice. We observe a smooth crossover from a complex oscillatory behavior to an exponential behavior throughout the Mott-to-superfluid transition. While both of these regimes are well described by our theoretical models, we provide data in the intermediate regime where dipolar interactions, contact interactions, and superexchange mechanisms compete. In this strongly correlated regime, spin dynamics and transport are coupled, which challenges theoretical models for quantum magnetism.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.021603

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We report on the study of itinerant magnetism of lattice-trapped magnetic atoms, driven by magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, in the low-entropy and close-to-unit filling regime. We have used advanced dynamical decoupling techniques to efficiently suppress the sensitivity to magnetic field fluctuations. We have thus measured the spin coherence of an itinerant spin 3 Bose dipolar gas throughout a quantum phase transition from a superfluid phase to a Mott insulating phase. In the superfluid phase, a metastable ferromagnetic behavior is observed below a dynamical instability which occurs at lattice depths below the phase transition. In the insulating phase, the thermalization towards a paramagnetic state is driven by an interplay between intersite and superexchange interactions.
The Hubbard model underlies our understanding of strongly correlated materials. Whereas its standard form only comprises interactions between particles at the same lattice site, extending it to encompass long-range interactions is predicted to profoundly alter the quantum behavior of the system. We realize the extended Bose-Hubbard model for an ultracold gas of strongly magnetic erbium atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Controlling the orientation of the atomic dipoles, we reveal the anisotropic character of the onsite interaction and hopping dynamics and their influence on the superfluid-to-Mott insulator quantum phase transition. Moreover, we observe nearest-neighbor interactions, a genuine consequence of the long-range nature of dipolar interactions. Our results lay the groundwork for future studies of exotic many-body quantum phases.
We report on the study of itinerant magnetism of lattice-trapped magnetic atoms, driven by magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, in the low-entropy and close-to-unit filling regime. We have used advanced dynamical decoupling techniques to efficiently suppress the sensitivity to magnetic field fluctuations. We have thus measured the spin coherence of an itinerant spin 3 Bose dipolar gas throughout a quantum phase transition from a superfluid phase to a Mott insulating phase. In the superfluid phase, a metastable ferromagnetic behavior is observed below a dynamical instability that occurs at lattice depths below the phase transition. In the insulating phase, the thermalization toward a paramagnetic state is driven by an interplay between intersite and superexchange interactions.
The Hubbard model underlies our understanding of strongly correlated materials. Whereas its standard form only comprises interactions between particles at the same lattice site, extending it to encompass long-range interactions is predicted to profoundly alter the quantum behavior of the system. We realize the extended Bose-Hubbard model for an ultracold gas of strongly magnetic erbium atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Controlling the orientation of the atomic dipoles, we reveal the anisotropic character of the onsite interaction and hopping dynamics and their influence on the superfluid-to-Mott insulator quantum phase transition. Moreover, we observe nearest-neighbor interactions, a genuine consequence of the long-range nature of dipolar interactions. Our results lay the groundwork for future studies of exotic many-body quantum phases.
We experimentally investigate the superfluid-Mott insulator transition in a 23 Na spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with approximate SU(3) spin-rotation symmetry, focusing on the role of spin configurations in shaping the critical behavior. Rabi oscillation images of sodium atoms ( F = 1) among three magnetic sublevels in an optical lattice are obtained, with experimental results aligning well with theoretical predictions, indicating robust quantum coherence in the lattice. The phase transition from the superfluid to the Mott insulator is observed by varying the lattice depth. We find the critical behavior is universal for different spin states, which is attributed to the SU(3) rotation symmetry among the spin components. The experimentally proposed critical regimes are consistent with the theoretical estimation given by the Thomas-Fermi approximation and strong-coupling expansion. These findings demonstrate that the SF-MI transition exhibits relatively unchanged critical behavior across different spin states due to SU(3) symmetry, revealing the universal phase transition for different spin configurations.