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arXiv:1507.00194 · Physical Review A

Suppression of Rabi oscillations in hybrid optomechanical systems

Timo Holz, Ralf Betzholz, Marc Bienert

Published Oct 16, 2015• 23 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In a hybrid optomechanical setup consisting of a two-level atom in a cavity with a pendular end mirror, the interplay between the light field's radiation pressure on the mirror and the dipole interaction with the atom can lead to an effect, which manifests itself in the suppression of Rabi oscillations of the atomic population. This effect is present when the system is in the single-photon strong-coupling regime and has an analogy in the photon blockade of optomechanics.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.92.043822

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In a hybrid optomechanical setup consisting of a two-level atom in a cavity with a pendular end mirror, the interplay between the light field's radiation pressure on the mirror and the dipole interaction with the atom can lead to an effect, which manifests itself in the suppression of Rabi oscillations of the atomic population. This effect is present when the system is in the single-photon strong-coupling regime and has an analogy in the photon blockade of optomechanics.
We study the optical bistability and dynamics in a hybrid optomechanical system, where the cavity mode is coupled to the mechanical resonator via radiation pressure and to a two-level atom via the Jaynes–Cummings coupling. The nonlinearity due to optomechanical coupling and the addition of an atom leads to bistable behaviors of the steady-state intracavity photon number and atomic population inversion. We show that the optical bistability can be effectively controlled by the Rabi frequency of the atomic driving field, the cavity–atom coupling strength, and the amplitude and frequency of the cavity pump field. Moreover, the effects of different initial conditions of the cavity field and the amplitude of the cavity pump field on the dynamics of the system also have been discussed.
Cavity optomechanics represents a flexible platform for the implementation of quantum technologies, useful in particular for the realization of quantum interfaces, quantum sensors and quantum information processing. However, the dispersive, radiation-pressure interaction between the mechanical and the electromagnetic modes is typically very weak, harnessing up to now the demonstration of interesting nonlinear dynamics and quantum control at the single photon level. It has already been shown both theoretically and experimentally that if the interaction is mediated by a Josephson circuit, one can have an effective dynamics corresponding to a huge enhancement of the single-photon optomechanical coupling. Here we analyze in detail this phenomenon in the general case when the cavity mode and the mechanical mode interact via an off-resonant qubit. Using a Schrieffer-Wolff approximation treatment, we determine the regime where this tripartite hybrid system behaves as an effective cavity optomechanical system in the strong coupling regime.
A major goal within the field of optomechanics is to achieve the single-photon strong-coupling regime, wherein even a mechanical displacement as small as the zero-point uncertainty is enough to shift an optical cavity resonance by more than its linewidth. This goal is difficult, however, due to the small zero-point motion of conventional mechanical systems. Here, we show that an atom trapped in and coupled to a cavity constitutes an attractive platform for realizing this regime. In particular, while many experiments focus on achieving strong coupling between a photon and the atomic internal degree of freedom, this same resource also naturally enables one to obtain optomechanical strong coupling, in combination with the low mass of an atom and the isolation of its motion from a thermal environment. As an example, we show that an optomechanically induced photon blockade can be realized in realistic setups, and provide signatures of how this effect can be distinguished from the conventional Jaynes-Cummings blockade associated with the two-level nature of the atomic transition.
Abstract We consider a two-level atom interacting with a quantized field in an optomechanical cavity and study the population inversion of the atom in this hybrid optomechanical system. Analytical solutions of the excited state population in the hybrid system are derived for various initial states of the cavity field and the mechanical mirror in the limit of weak single-photon coupling regime. Due to the mechanical mirror, the population inversion exhibits anomalous behavior, compared to the results predicted by the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model. For an initial Fock state cavity field, we show that the atomic population inversion can undergo collapses and revivals induced by the mechanical mirror which is in a Fock state for the resonant atom-field interaction. When the cavity field is far-detuned from the atomic transition, the atom can couple to the mechanical mirror effectively via the JC interaction. In this case, the atomic population inversion can display either full Rabi oscillations or the collapse and revival behavior induced by a Fock state or a coherent state of the mechanical mirror, respectively. We also explore an experimentally more relevant situation when the mechanical mirror is initially in a mixed state. We derive an analytical expression of the excited state population via the unitary evolution for the density operator of the whole system. We find that the population inversion in this case exhibits slower collapse and smaller revival amplitude due to the initial mixture of the mechanical state. For an initial coherent state cavity field, we show that the predicted collapse regime in the original JC model can display nonzero oscillating values. Our analytical predications are further confirmed with numerical calculations in which the dissipation mechanism from the system is included.
We study the single-photon blockade (1PB), two-photon blockade (2PB), and photon-induced tunneling (PIT) effects in a cavity–atom optomechanical system in which a two-level atom is coupled to a single-model cavity field via a two-photon interaction. By analyzing the eigenenergy spectrum of the system, we obtain a perfect 1PB with a high occupancy probability of single-photon excitation, which means that a high-quality and efficient single-photon source can be generated. However, PIT often occurs in many cases when we consider 2PB in analogy to 1PB. In addition, we find that a 2PB region will present in the optomechanical system, which can be proved by calculating the correlation function of the model analytically.
We present a quantum theory for a fully coupled hybrid optomechanical system where all mutual couplings between a two-level atom, a confined photon mode, and a mechanical oscillator mode are considered. In such a configuration, new quantum interference effects and correlations arise due to the interplay and competition between the different physical interactions. We present an analytical diagonalization of the related fully coupled Hamiltonian, showing the nature and energy spectra of the tripartite dressed excitations. We determine the driven-dissipative dynamics of such hybrid systems and study phonon blockade effects under resonant excitation. We also study the statistical properties of the photon emission obtained under incoherent pumping of the two-level atom, which is particularly relevant for experiments with solid-state two-level emitters.