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arXiv:1505.05456 · Physical Review A

Stochastic pumping of a polariton fluid

Marc Aßmann, M. Bayer

Published May 20, 2015• 25 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the response of a polariton laser driven slightly off-resonantly using light fields differing from the routinely studied coherent pump sources. The response to driving light fields with thermal and displaced thermal statistics with varying correlation times shows significant differences in the transmitted intensity, its noise, and the position of the nonlinear threshold. We predict that adding more photons on average may actually reduce the transmission through the polariton system.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.053835

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We investigate the response of a polariton laser driven slightly off-resonantly using light fields differing from the routinely studied coherent pump sources. The response to driving light fields with thermal and displaced thermal statistics with varying correlation times shows significant differences in the transmitted intensity, its noise, and the position of the nonlinear threshold. We predict that adding more photons on average may actually reduce the transmission through the polariton system.
We report on the effect of noise on the characteristics of the bistable polariton emission system. The present experiment provides a time-resolved access to the polariton emission intensity. We evidence the noise-induced transitions between the two stable states of the bistable polaritons. It is shown that the external noise specifications, intensity and correlation time, can efficiently modify the polariton Kramers time and residence time. We find that there is a threshold noise strength that provokes the collapse of the hysteresis loop. The experimental results are reproduced by numerical simulations using Gross-Pitaevskii equation driven by a stochastic excitation.
Exciton-polaritons perform as ideal carriers of macroscopic quantum coherence, which can be potentially manipulated through precisely shaping the driving laser field. However, the connection of the coherence properties between the pumping laser and the strongly coupled light-and-matter system is studied to a lesser extent. In this paper, we visualize the femtosecond dynamics of coherence transfer from the driving laser field to the resonantly excited exciton-polariton by an interferometric measurement. The resonant polaritons can effectively preserve the coherence of the pumping laser field in femtosecond timescales. At a high excitation strength, non-resonant polaritons appear at higher energies delayed by several picoseconds, without the phase coherence from the pump, which is understood by a coupled oscillator model. Our results offer the possibility of regulating the polariton coherence by finely shaping the external pump laser fields.
A full quantum theory beyond the mean-field regime is developed for an exciton polariton condensate, to gain a complete understanding of quantum fluctuations. We find analytical solution for the polariton density matrix, showing the polariton nonlinearity causing fast relaxation correlated with the pump so as to yield the condensation at threshold. Increasing the pump intensity, a nonequilibrium phase transition towards the condensation of lower polaritons emerges, with a statistics transiting from a thermal, through a super-Poissonian and to a nonclassical distribution beyond the understanding at the level of off-diagonal long-range order. The results signify the role of dark states for polariton fluctuations, and lead to a nonclassical counting statistics of emitted photons, which elaborates the role of the key parameters, e.g., pump, detuning and temperature.
Polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the strong coupling between photons and excitons embedded in a semiconductor microcavity. The exciton component of polaritons provides strong nonlinear interactions, while their photonic counterpart facilitates long range coherence. Moreover, polaritons carry a pseudospin that can be accessed through the polarization state of the emitted light, and brings up spinor related nonlinear effects. This study aims at in-depth investigation of the noise related phenomena in polariton system. First, a series of experiments of polariton bistability and multistability are performed to deepen our knowledge about the effect of the biexciton creation and polariton-polariton interaction on multistable regimes in exciton polaritons. Then, using an external Gaussian noise, the polariton transition rate between two stable states of a polariton bistability is characterized. It is shown that the external noise specifications, intensity and correlation time, can efficiently modify the polariton Kramers time and residence time. We also discuss the performance of the bistable behaviour in steady state regime in terms of experimental acquisition time compared to the noise-assisted residence time. In the next part, taking advantage of polariton bistability and spin-trigger regime, we have evidenced two different types of stochastic resonance. Intensity stochastic resonance and spinor stochastic resonance. We have shown that the synergic interplay between intensity fluctuations and external modulated signal, imprinted on the DC component of the driving field, can enhance the coherent processing of an input signal buried in noise. Moreover, we evidence that, due to the exceptional spin properties of polaritons, a noisy modulated polarized input signal can drive the switching of a fully polarized polariton population. This effect unveils an original field of stochastic resonance which we called as spinor stochastic resonance. All experimental results are well reproduced by a model based on Gross-Pitaevskii equation. At the end, the influence of nonlinear interactions on polariton intensity fluctuations and probability distribution have been investigated.
We investigate the physics of coherent polaritons in a double-well configuration under a resonant pumping. For a continuous wave pump, bistability and self-pulsing regimes are identified as a function of the pump energy and intensity. The response to an additional probe pulse is characterized in the different cases and related to the Bogoliubov modes around the stationary state. Under a pulsed pump, a crossover from Josephson-like oscillations to self-trapping is predicted for increasing pump intensity. The accurateness of the effective two-mode model is assessed by comparing its predictions to a full solution of the non-equilibrium Gross-Pitaevskii equation.