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arXiv:1505.00932 · Physical Review B

Effect of a noisy driving field on a bistable polariton system

Hadis Abbaspour, Gregory C. Sallen, Stéphane Trebaol, François Morier-Genoud, Marcia Tereza Portella, B. Deveaud

Published Oct 2, 2015• 20 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report on the effect of noise on the characteristics of the bistable polariton emission system. The present experiment provides a time-resolved access to the polariton emission intensity. We evidence the noise-induced transitions between the two stable states of the bistable polaritons. It is shown that the external noise specifications, intensity and correlation time, can efficiently modify the polariton Kramers time and residence time. We find that there is a threshold noise strength that provokes the collapse of the hysteresis loop. The experimental results are reproduced by numerical simulations using Gross-Pitaevskii equation driven by a stochastic excitation.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.92.165303

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We report on the effect of noise on the characteristics of the bistable polariton emission system. The present experiment provides a time-resolved access to the polariton emission intensity. We evidence the noise-induced transitions between the two stable states of the bistable polaritons. It is shown that the external noise specifications, intensity and correlation time, can efficiently modify the polariton Kramers time and residence time. We find that there is a threshold noise strength that provokes the collapse of the hysteresis loop. The experimental results are reproduced by numerical simulations using Gross-Pitaevskii equation driven by a stochastic excitation.
Polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the strong coupling between photons and excitons embedded in a semiconductor microcavity. The exciton component of polaritons provides strong nonlinear interactions, while their photonic counterpart facilitates long range coherence. Moreover, polaritons carry a pseudospin that can be accessed through the polarization state of the emitted light, and brings up spinor related nonlinear effects. This study aims at in-depth investigation of the noise related phenomena in polariton system. First, a series of experiments of polariton bistability and multistability are performed to deepen our knowledge about the effect of the biexciton creation and polariton-polariton interaction on multistable regimes in exciton polaritons. Then, using an external Gaussian noise, the polariton transition rate between two stable states of a polariton bistability is characterized. It is shown that the external noise specifications, intensity and correlation time, can efficiently modify the polariton Kramers time and residence time. We also discuss the performance of the bistable behaviour in steady state regime in terms of experimental acquisition time compared to the noise-assisted residence time. In the next part, taking advantage of polariton bistability and spin-trigger regime, we have evidenced two different types of stochastic resonance. Intensity stochastic resonance and spinor stochastic resonance. We have shown that the synergic interplay between intensity fluctuations and external modulated signal, imprinted on the DC component of the driving field, can enhance the coherent processing of an input signal buried in noise. Moreover, we evidence that, due to the exceptional spin properties of polaritons, a noisy modulated polarized input signal can drive the switching of a fully polarized polariton population. This effect unveils an original field of stochastic resonance which we called as spinor stochastic resonance. All experimental results are well reproduced by a model based on Gross-Pitaevskii equation. At the end, the influence of nonlinear interactions on polariton intensity fluctuations and probability distribution have been investigated.
We report on the effect of decoherence on polariton bistability. The polariton hysteresis loop is shown to collapse in a similar way when increasing the temperature or under nonresonant excitation power. The hysteresis upward threshold is pulled to lower excitation power, whereas the downward threshold remains almost constant. This effect is explained by the population of an incoherent reservoir that induces dephasing and repulsive interaction that saturates at large densities. All experimental findings are accurately simulated with the excitonic Bloch equations and indicate that reservoir-induced dephasing can be dominant over the reservoir-induced energy blueshift.
We investigate the response of a polariton laser driven slightly off-resonantly using light fields differing from the routinely studied coherent pump sources. The response to driving light fields with thermal and displaced thermal statistics with varying correlation times shows significant differences in the transmitted intensity, its noise, and the position of the nonlinear threshold. We predict that adding more photons on average may actually reduce the transmission through the polariton system.
The effect of correlated white noises on the optical bistability behavior of three-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated. Noise-induced bistability is demonstrated in an atomic optical bistable system consisting of three-level atoms in Λ-type configurations confined in an optical ring cavity. The output field as a result of enhanced Kerr nonlinearity induced by atomic coherence in the electromagnetically induced transparency system is variable due to the noises in laser parameters and the cooperativity parameter. Therefore, noise is mainly responsible for such induced bistability in the system. It is found that with the cross-correlation noises, the hysteresis loop of optical bistability can be clearly expanded in comparison with the deterministic case and the atomic system could show multistability behavior. This is specifically considerable for positive cross-correlated noises where it could expand the domain of the hysteresis loop. In the presented atomic system the numerical result shows that noise can induce bistability in the absence of spontaneously generated coherence. Furthermore, it is salient that the noise could induce bistability when the system is below its deterministic threshold for bistability.
The polarization dependence of nonequilibrium transitions in a multistable cavity-polariton system is studied under nanosecond-long resonant optical excitation at normal and magic angle incidences with various polarizations of the pump beam. The temporal correlations between the frequency, intensity, and optical polarization of the intracavity field, which all undergo sharp threshold-like changes due to the spin-dependent interaction of cavity polaritons, are visualized. The observed dynamics cannot be reproduced within the conventional semiclassical model based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equations. To explain the observed phenomena, it is necessary to take into account the unpolarized exciton reservoir that brings on an additional blue shift of bright excitons, the same for the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ polarization components. This model explains the effect of polarization instability under both pulsed- and continuous-wave resonant excitation conditions, consistently with the spin ring pattern formation that has recently been observed under Gaussian-shaped excitation.
New effects of polarization multistability and polarization hysteresis in a coherently driven polariton system in a semiconductor microcavity are predicted and theoretically analyzed. The multistability arises due to polarization-dependent polariton-polariton interactions and can be revealed in polarization resolved photoluminescence experiments. The pumping power required to observe this effect is 4 orders of magnitude lower than the characteristic pumping power in conventional bistable optical systems.