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arXiv:1505.03004 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Light-induced magnetization in a spin S=1 easy-plane antiferromagnetic chain

J. Herbrych, X. Zotos

Published Apr 11, 2016• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The time evolution of magnetization induced by circularly polarized light in an $S=1$ Heisenberg chain with large easy-plane anisotropy is studied numerically and analytically. Results at constant light frequency $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}={\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{0}$ are interpreted in terms of absorption lines of the electronic spin resonance spectrum. The application of time-dependent frequency $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}=\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}(t)$ light, so called chirping, is shown to be an efficient procedure in order to obtain within a short time a large, controlled value of the magnetization ${M}^{z}$. Furthermore, comparison with a two-level model provides a qualitative understanding of the induced magnetization process.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.93.134412

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The time evolution of magnetization induced by circularly polarized light in an S=1S=1S=1 Heisenberg chain with large easy-plane anisotropy is studied numerically and analytically. Results at constant light frequency \ensuremathΩ=\ensuremathΩ0\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}={\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{0}\ensuremathΩ=\ensuremathΩ0​ are interpreted in terms of absorption lines of the electronic spin resonance spectrum. The application of time-dependent frequency \ensuremathΩ=\ensuremathΩ(t)\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}=\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}(t)\ensuremathΩ=\ensuremathΩ(t) light, so called chirping, is shown to be an efficient procedure in order to obtain within a short time a large, controlled value of the magnetization Mz{M}^{z}Mz. Furthermore, comparison with a two-level model provides a qualitative understanding of the induced magnetization process.
We theoretically predict a nonequilibrium phase transition in quantum spin systems induced by a laser, which provides a purely quantum-mechanical way of coherently controlling magnetization. Namely, when a circularly polarized laser is applied to a spin system, the magnetic component of a laser is shown to induce a magnetization normal to the plane of polarization, leading to an ultrafast phase transition. We first demonstrate this phenomenon numerically for an S=1S=1S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain, where a new state emerges with magnetization perpendicular to the polarization plane of the laser in place of the topologically ordered Haldane state. We then elucidate its physical mechanism by mapping the system to an effective static model. The theory also indicates that the phenomenon should occur in general quantum spin systems with a magnetic anisotropy. The required laser frequency is in the terahertz range, with the required intensity being within a prospective experimental feasibility.
We present a study of the one-dimensional S=1S=1S=1 antiferromagnetic spin chain with large easy-plane anisotropy, with special emphasis on field-induced quantum phase transitions. Temperature and magnetic field dependence of magnetization, specific heat, and thermal conductivity is presented using a combination of numerical methods. In addition, the original S=1S=1S=1 model is mapped into the low-energy effective S=1/2XXZS=1/2XXZS=1/2XXZ Heisenberg chain, a model which is exactly solvable using the Bethe ansatz technique. The effectiveness of the mapping is explored, and we show that all considered quantities are in qualitative, and in some cases quantitative, agreement. The thermal conductivity of the considered S=1S=1S=1 model is found to be strongly influenced by the underlying effective description. Furthermore, we elucidate the low-lying electron spin resonance spectrum based on a semianalytical Bethe ansatz calculation of the effective S=1/2S=1/2S=1/2 model.
The effect of the circularly polarized laser field on quantum spin systems in the steady-state regime, in which relaxation plays the central role, has been studied. The dynamical mean-field-like theory predicts several general results for the behavior of the time-average magnetization caused by the laser field. The induced magnetization oscillates with the frequency of the laser field (while Rabi-like oscillations, which modulate the latter in the dynamical regime, are damped by the relaxation in the steady-state regime). At high frequencies, that magnetization is determined by the value to which the relaxation process is directed. At low frequencies the slope of that magnetization as a function of the frequency is determined by the strength of the laser field. The anisotropy determines the resonance behavior of the time-averaged magnetization in both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases with nonzero magnetic anisotropy. Nonlinear effects (in the magnitude of the laser field) have been considered. The effect of the laser field on quantum spin systems is maximal in resonance, where the time-averaged magnetization, caused by the laser field, is changed essentially. Out of resonance the changes in the magnetization are relatively small. The resonance effect is caused by the nonzero magnetic anisotropy. The resonance frequency is small (proportional to the anisotropy value) for spin systems with ferromagnetic interactions and enhanced by exchange interactions in the spin systems with antiferromagnetic couplings. We show that it is worthwhile to study the laser-field-induced magnetization of quantum spin systems caused by the high-frequency laser field in the steady-state regime in ``easy-axis'' antiferromagnetic spin systems (e.g., in Ising-like antiferromagnetic spin-chain materials). The effects of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the spin-frustration couplings (in the case of the zigzag spin chain) have been analyzed.
We analyze the absorption of microwaves by the Heisenberg-Ising chain combining exact calculations, based on the integrability of the model, with numerical calculations. Within linear response theory, the absorbed intensity is determined by the imaginary part of the dynamical susceptibility. The moments of the normalized intensity can be used to define the shift of the resonance frequency induced by the interactions and the linewidth independently of the shape of the spectral line. These moments can be calculated exactly as functions of temperature and strength of an external magnetic field, as long as the field is directed along the symmetry axis of the chain. This allows us to discuss the linewidth and the resonance shift for a given magnetic field in the full range of possible anisotropy parameters. For the interpretation of these data, we need a qualitative knowledge of the line shape, which we obtain from fully numerical calculations for finite chains. Exact analytical results on the line shape are out of reach of current theories. From our numerical work, we could extract, however, an empirical parameter-free model of the line shape at high temperatures, which is extremely accurate over a wide range of anisotropy parameters, and is exact at the free-fermion and isotropic points. Another prediction of the line shape can be made in the zero-temperature and zero magnetic field limits, where the sufficiently anisotropic model shows strong absorption. For anisotropy parameters in the massive phase, we derive the exact two-spinon contribution to the spectral line. From the intensity sum rule, it can be estimated that this contribution accounts for more than 80% of the spectral weight if the anisotropy parameter is moderately above its value at the isotropic point.
This thesis is devoted to the study of a class of antifferomagnetic spin–1 chains with astrong easy plane anisotropy in the presence of magnetic field H. At zero temperature thesystem undergoes two quantum phase transitions at critical fields H1 and H2. Reliableand detailed theoretical analysis is provided on the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)spectrum, thermodynamics and the thermal transport of the model. The tools at handrange from exact analytical solutions and to numerical simulation techniques. The S = 1antiferromagnet in a magnetic field can be systematically mapped onto an S = 1/2XXZ chain in a longitudinal magnetic field. This effective S = 1/2 description has beenextensively used in order to gain a better physical understanding of the original S = 1chain.For the Electron Spin Resonance spectrum, apart from the theoretical analysis, high-field ESR experimental studies of the compound N iCl2 − 4SC(NH2)2 (abbreviatedas DTN) are presented and found consistent with theoretical predictions. The mostinteresting feature is the experimental signature of the single–ion two–magnon boundstate.Part of this thesis is devoted to the magnetic–field and temperature dependence ofmagnetization and specific heat for the whole field–region and a wide range of temperatures,with special emphasis at the critical behaviour of these quantities at the criticalfields. Finally, the calculation of dynamic correlation functions pertinent to the studyof thermal transport is addressed for the S = 1 model with easy plane anisotropy andthe S = 1/2 XXZ model in the presence of finite magnetic field.
The ground-state magnetization process of the S=1S=1S=1 antiferromagnetic chain with the easy-axis single-ion anisotropy described by negative DDD is investigated. It is numerically found that a phase transition between two different gapless phases occurs at an intermediate magnetic field between the starting and saturation points of the magnetization for $\ensuremath{-}1.49<D<\ensuremath{-}0.35.$ The transition is similar to the spin flopping, but it is second order and not accompanied with any significant anomalous behaviors in the magnetization curve. We also present the phase diagrams in the $m\ensuremath{-}D$ and $H\ensuremath{-}D$ planes which reveal a possible re-entrant transition.