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arXiv:1505.00758 · Physical Review A

Low-noise optical lattices for ultracold Li6

Sebastian Blatt, Anton Mazurenko, Maxwell F. Parsons, Christie Chiu, F. Huber, Markus Greiner

Published Aug 14, 2015• 35 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate stable, long-term trapping of fermionic $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms in an optical lattice with MHz trap frequencies for use in a quantum gas microscope. Adiabatic release from the optical lattice in the object plane of a high-numerical-aperture imaging system allows a measurement of the population distribution among the lowest three bands in both radial directions with atom numbers as low as $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{2}$. We measure exponential ground band heating rates as low as 0.014(1) ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ corresponding to a radial ground-state $1/e$ lifetime of $71(5)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$, fundamentally limited by scattering of lattice photons. For all lattice depths above 2 recoil, we find radial ground-state lifetimes $\ensuremath{\ge}1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ recoil times.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.92.021402

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We demonstrate a cavity-based solution to scale up experiments with ultracold atoms in optical lattices by an order of magnitude over state-of-the-art free space lattices. Our two-dimensional optical lattices are created by power enhancement cavities with large mode waists of 489(8) μ\muμm and allow us to trap ultracold strontium atoms at a lattice depth of 60 μ\muμK by using only 80 mW of input light per cavity axis. We characterize these lattices using high-resolution clock spectroscopy and resolve carrier transitions between different vibrational levels. We use these spectral features to locally measure the lattice potential envelope and the sample temperature with a spatial resolution limited only by the optical resolution of the imaging system. The measured ground-band and trap lifetimes are 18(3) s and 59(2) s, respectively, and the lattice frequency (depth) is long-term stable on the MHz (0.1%) level. Our results show that large, deep, and stable two-dimensional cavity-enhanced lattices can be created at any wavelength and can be used to scale up neutral-atom-based quantum simulators, quantum computers, sensors, and optical lattice clocks.
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This thesis describes the methods used to achieve single-atom and single-site resolved fluorescence imaging of a quantum gas of fermionic atoms held in an optical lattice. This kind of quantum gas microscopy has been previously applied to bosonic atoms in two experiments, and has allowed for extensive studies of many-body quantum systems. Here we detail methods to extend the techniques of quantum gas microscopy to fermionic species of atoms, opening the door to quantum simulation of electronic models of condensed matter physics. We prepare quantum degenerate gases of fermionic 40K through sympathetic cooling with a gas of \Rb. The gas prepared is trapped less than 1 mm away from a thin vacuum window, an experimental geometry which permits interrogation with a large Numerical Aperture microscope objective. The cloud is loaded into a 527 nm-period cubic optical lattice, ideal for quantum simulation of many-body models of fermionic particles such as the Hubbard model. The optical lattice is designed to allow for potential depths up to V/kB = 250 microKelvin, sufficient to strongly confine 40K atoms into individual lattice sites. EIT cooling --- a technique previously demonstrated in ion-trapping experiments --- is used to cool the fermionic atoms deeply towards the ground motional state of the lattice wells. We collect the photons scattered during continuous application of EIT cooling, while atoms are kept pinned in the lattice for many seconds. We strongly suppress all other sources of light with the use of a modulated cooling scheme and a spinning chopper wheel. Collecting the scattered light produced during 2 s of EIT cooling allows us to resolve single atoms in a fluorescence image. We demonstrate that the high resolution of our imaging apparatus also permits atom positions to be precisely identified on the length scale of the optical lattice. Thus we demonstrate the realisation of a quantum gas microscope for fermionic atoms, allowing for precise investigation of the ground states and dynamics of correlated quantum states of fermionic particles.
Quantum gas microscopes have expanded the capabilities of quantum simulation of Hubbard models by enabling the study of spatial spin and density correlations in square lattices.However, quantum gas microscopes have not been realized for fermionic atoms in frustrated geometries.Here, we demonstrate the single-atom resolved imaging of ultracold fermionic 6 Li atoms in a triangular optical lattice with a lattice constant of 1003 nm.The optical lattice is formed by a recycled narrow-linewidth, high-power laser combined with a light sheet to allow for Raman sideband cooling on the D 1 line.We optically resolve single atoms on individual lattice sites using a high-resolution objective to collect scattered photons while cooling them close to the two-dimensional ground vibrational level in each lattice site.By reconstructing the lattice occupation, we measure an imaging fidelity of approximately 98%.Our triangular lattice microscope platform for fermions clears the path for studying spin-spin correlations, entanglement, and dynamics of geometrically frustrated Hubbard systems which are expected to exhibit exotic emergent phenomena including spin liquids and kinetic frustration.
Abstract. We report on the local probing and preparation of an ultracold Fermi gas on the length scale of one micrometer, i.e. of the order of the Fermi wavelength. The essential tool of our experimental setup is a pair of identical, high-resolution microscope objectives. One of the microscope objectives allows local imaging of the trapped Fermi gas of 6Li atoms with a maximum resolution of 660 nm, while the other enables the generation of arbitrary optical dipole potentials on the same length scale. Employing a 2D acousto-optical deflector, we demonstrate the formation of several trapping geometries including a tightly focussed single optical dipole trap, a 4x4-site two-dimensional optical lattice and a 8-site ring lattice configuration. Furthermore, we show the ability to load and detect a small number of atoms in these trapping potentials. A site separation of down to one micrometer in combination with the low mass of 6Li results in tunneling rates which are sufficiently large for the implementation of Hubbard-models with the designed geometries. ∗ These authors contributed equally to the presented work. † Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. ar
We report on the local probing and preparation of an ultracold Fermi gas on the length scale of one micrometer, i.e. of the order of the Fermi wavelength. The essential tool of our experimental setup is a pair of identical, high-resolution microscope objectives. One of the microscope objectives allows local imaging of the trapped Fermi gas of 6 Li atoms with a maximum resolution of 660 nm, while the other enables the generation of arbitrary optical dipole potentials on the same length scale. Employing a two-dimensional (2D) acousto-optical deflector, we demonstrate the formation of several trapping geometries, including a tightly focused single optical dipole trap, a 4 × 4 site 2D optical lattice and an 8 site ring lattice configuration. Furthermore, we show the ability to load and detect a small number of atoms in these trapping potentials. A site separation down to one micrometer in combination with the low mass of 6 Li results in tunneling rates that are sufficiently large for the implementation of Hubbard models with the designed geometries.