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arXiv:1503.07633 · Physical Review A

Strategies for reducing the light shift in atomic clocks

Hidetoshi Katori, Vitalii D Ovsiannikov, S. I. Marmo, Vitalii G Pal'chikov

Published May 14, 2015• 74 citations
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Abstract

Recent progress in optical lattice clocks requires unprecedented precision in controlling systematic uncertainties at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ level. Tuning of nonlinear light shifts is shown to reduce lattice-induced clock shift for a wide range of lattice intensity. Based on theoretical multipolar, nonlinear, anharmonic, and higher-order light shifts, we numerically demonstrate possible strategies for Sr, Yb, and Hg clocks to achieve lattice-induced systematic uncertainty below $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.052503

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Recent progress in optical lattice clocks requires unprecedented precision in controlling systematic uncertainties at the 10\ensuremath−18{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}10\ensuremath−18 level. Tuning of nonlinear light shifts is shown to reduce lattice-induced clock shift for a wide range of lattice intensity. Based on theoretical multipolar, nonlinear, anharmonic, and higher-order light shifts, we numerically demonstrate possible strategies for Sr, Yb, and Hg clocks to achieve lattice-induced systematic uncertainty below 1\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−181\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}1\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−18.
A Wannier-Stark optical lattice clock has demonstrated unprecedented measurement precision for optical atomic clocks. We present a systematic evaluation of the lattice light shift, a necessary next step for establishing this system as an accurate atomic clock. With precise control of the atomic motional states in the lattice, we report accurate measurements of the multipolar and the hyperpolar contributions and the operational lattice light shift with a fractional frequency uncertainty of 3.5×10^{-19}.
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The recent progress in designing optical lattice clocks with fractional uncertainties below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ requires unprecedented precision in estimating the role of higher-order effects of atom-lattice interactions. In this paper, we present results of systematic theoretical evaluations of the multipole, nonlinear, and anharmonic effects on the optical-lattice-based clocks of alkaline-earth-like atoms. Modifications of the model-potential approach are introduced to minimize discrepancies of theoretical evaluations from the most reliable experimental data. Dipole polarizabilities, hyperpolarizabilities, and multipolar polarizabilities for neutral Ca, Sr, Yb, Zn, Cd, and Hg atoms are calculated in the modified approach.
Progress in atomic optical clocks with total uncertainty of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ or below requires a precise estimation of multipolar and higher-order effects due to atom-field interactions. Magnesium is an attractive candidate for optical lattice clocks because it is insensitive to blackbody radiation and has a large quality factor. We employ a combined method of the Dirac-Fock plus core polarization and the relativistic configuration interaction to calculate the dynamic multipolar polarizabilities and the hyperpolarizabilities of the atomic Mg clock. The lattice light shift against variation of the laser detuning and trap depth is also investigated. We find that there exists a distinctive operational magic lattice intensity of 5.33(2)ER5.33(2){E}_{R}5.33(2)ER​ (ER{E}_{R}ER​ is the lattice photon recoil energy) that reduces the total light shift below $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ over 1414%14 of the trap depth variation, which will pave the way for the development of a new time-frequency standard of the Mg lattice clock.
In neutral atom optical clocks, the higher-order atomic polarizability terms lead to the clock transition frequency shift which is motion-state dependent and nonlinear with the optical lattice depth. We propose to use an auxiliary optical lattice to compensate the influence of the E2-M1 differential polarizability or tune the associated coefficient to a favorable value. We show that by applying this method to Sr and Hg optical lattice clocks, the low or even sub-10-19 clock transition frequency uncertainty from the optical lattice becomes feasible. Finally, the proposed scheme is simple for experimental realization and can be implemented and tested in the existing setups.