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arXiv:1503.05360 · Physical Review A

Microwave-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a Bose-Einstein condensate on an atom chip

Matthieu Dupont-Nivet, Mathias Casiulis, Théo Laudat, Christoph Ira Westbrook, Sylvain Schwartz

Published May 26, 2015• 25 citations
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Abstract

We report the achievement of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the microwave frequency range between internal states of a Bose-Einstein condensate magnetically trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip. The STIRAP protocol used in this experiment is robust to external perturbations as it is an adiabatic transfer and power efficient as it involves only resonant (or quasiresonant) processes. Taking into account the effect of losses and collisions in a nonlinear Bloch equations model, we show that the maximum transfer efficiency is obtained for nonzero values of the one- and two-photon detunings, which is confirmed quantitatively by our experimental measurements.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.053420

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We report the achievement of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the microwave frequency range between internal states of a Bose-Einstein condensate magnetically trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip. The STIRAP protocol used in this experiment is robust to external perturbations as it is an adiabatic transfer and power efficient as it involves only resonant (or quasiresonant) processes. Taking into account the effect of losses and collisions in a nonlinear Bloch equations model, we show that the maximum transfer efficiency is obtained for nonzero values of the one- and two-photon detunings, which is confirmed quantitatively by our experimental measurements.
Microwave-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) between internal states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) magnetically trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip is demonstrated by coherently transferring about 90 percent of a 7.000-atom BEC initially in the (F=2,mF=2) hyperfine level of the 5 2S1/2 ground state of 87Rb into (F=2,mF=1), using (F=1,mF=1) as an intermediate (unpopulated) level. The STIRAP protocol used in this experiment is robust to external perturbations as it is an adiabatic transfer, and power efficient as it involves only resonant (or quasi-resonant) processes. Taking into account the effect of losses and collisions in a Bloch equations model, we show that the maximum transfer efficiency is obtained for significantly non-zero values of the one- and two-photon detunings, which is confirmed quantitatively by our experimental measurements (and is shown to come mostly from inelastic collisions within (F=2,mF=1)). This work shows that microwave STIRAP between hyperfine ground states of magnetically trapped atoms is feasible, paving the way for STIRAP-based quantum information or metrology experiments integrated on a chip.
Microwave-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) between internal states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) magnetically trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip is demonstrated by coherently transferring about 90 percent of a 7.000-atom BEC initially in the (F=2,mF=2) hyperfine level of the 5 2S1/2 ground state of 87Rb into (F=2,mF=1), using (F=1,mF=1) as an intermediate (unpopulated) level. The STIRAP protocol used in this experiment is robust to external perturbations as it is an adiabatic transfer, and power efficient as it involves only resonant (or quasi-resonant) processes. Taking into account the effect of losses and collisions in a Bloch equations model, we show that the maximum transfer efficiency is obtained for significantly non-zero values of the one- and two-photon detunings, which is confirmed quantitatively by our experimental measurements (and is shown to come mostly from inelastic collisions within (F=2,mF=1)). This work shows that microwave STIRAP between hyperfine ground states of magnetically trapped atoms is feasible, paving the way for STIRAP-based quantum information or metrology experiments integrated on a chip.
The process of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) provides a possible route for the generation of a coherent molecular Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) from an atomic BEC. We analyze this process in a three-dimensional mean-field theory, including atom-atom interactions and nonresonant intermediate levels. We find that the process is feasible, but at larger Rabi frequencies than anticipated from a crude single-mode lossless analysis, due to two-photon dephasing caused by the atomic interactions. We then identify optimal strategies in STIRAP allowing one to maintain high conversion efficiencies with smaller Rabi frequencies and under experimentally less demanding conditions.
The irreversible transport of multi-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is investigated within the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) scheme. A general formalism for a single BEC in M -well trap is derived and analogy between multi-photon and tunneling processes is demonstrated. STIRAP transport of BEC in a cyclic triple-well trap is explored for various values of detuning and interaction between BEC atoms. It is shown that STIRAP provides a complete population transfer at zero detuning and interaction and persists at their modest values. The detuning is found not to be obligatory. The possibility of non-adiabatic transport with intuitive order of couplings is demonstrated. Evolution of the condensate phases and generation of dynamical and geometric phases are inspected. It is shown that STIRAP allows to generate the unconventional geometrical phase which is now of a keen interest in quantum computing.
We theoretically examine Raman photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein condensate, revisiting stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Due to collisional mean-field shifts, efficient molecular conversion requires strong coupling and low density, either of which can bring about rogue photodissociation to noncondensate modes. We demonstrate explicitly that rogue transitions are negligible for low excited-state fractions and photodissociation that is slower than the STIRAP time scale. Moreover, we derive a reduced-parameter model of collisions, and thereby find that a gain in the molecular conversion efficiency can be obtained by adjusting the atom-atom scattering length with off-resonant magnetoassociation. This gain saturates when the atom-atom scattering length is tuned to a specific fraction of either the molecule-molecule or atom-molecule scattering length. We conclude that a fully optimized STIRAP scheme may offer the best chance for achieving coherent conversion from an atomic to a molecular condensate with photoassociation.
We examine a scheme for the optical creation of a superfluid vortex in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, using the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique (STIRAP). By exposing an oblate, axis-symmetric condensate to two copropagating laser pulses, one can transfer external angular momentum from the light field to the matter wave, if one of the beams is the fundamental Gaussian mode and the other is a Gauss-Laguerre mode of angular momentum $1\ensuremath{\hbar}$. We demonstrate the complete transfer efficiency by numerical integration of the multicomponent Gross-Pitaevskii equation and explain the results with an intuitive and accurate approximation within the Thomas-Fermi limit. In addition, we discuss residual excitations (breathing modes) which occur in the two-dimensional regime and present the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum.