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arXiv:1503.03738 · physica status solidi (b)

Evaluation techniques for Gutzwiller wave functions in finite dimensions

Jan Kaczmarczyk, Tobias Schickling, Jörg Bünemann

Published May 15, 2015• 14 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We give a comprehensive introduction into a diagrammatic method that allows for the evaluation of Gutzwiller wave functions in finite spatial dimensions. We discuss in detail some numerical schemes that turned out to be useful in the real‐space evaluation of the diagrams. The method is applied to the problem of d‐wave superconductivity in a two‐dimensional single‐band Hubbard model. Here, we discuss in particular the role of long‐range contributions in our diagrammatic expansion. We further reconsider our previous analysis on the kinetic energy gain in the superconducting state.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.201552082

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Abstract We give a comprehensive introduction into a diagrammatic method that allows for the evaluation of Gutzwiller wave functions in finite spatial dimensions. We discuss in detail some numerical schemes that turned out to be useful in the real‐space evaluation of the diagrams. The method is applied to the problem of d‐wave superconductivity in a two‐dimensional single‐band Hubbard model. Here, we discuss in particular the role of long‐range contributions in our diagrammatic expansion. We further reconsider our previous analysis on the kinetic energy gain in the superconducting state.
A systematic diagrammatic expansion for Gutzwiller-wave functions (DE-GWF) is formulated and used for the description of superconducting (SC) ground state in the two-dimensional Hubbard model with electron-transfer amplitudes ttt (and ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) between nearest (and next-nearest) neighbors. The method is numerically very efficient and allows for a detailed analysis of the phase diagram as a function of all relevant parameters (UUU, $\ensuremath{\delta}$, ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) and a determination of the kinetic-energy driven pairing region. SC states appear only for substantial interactions, $U/t\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3$, and for not too large hole doping, $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.32$ for ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0.25t$; this upper critical doping value agrees well with experiment for the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. We also obtain other important features of the SC state: (i) the SC gap at the Fermi surface resembles ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$-wave only around the optimal doping and the corrections to this state are shown to arise from the longer range of the pairing; (ii) the nodal Fermi velocity is almost constant as a function of doping and agrees quantitatively with the experimental results; (iii) the SC transition is driven by the kinetic-energy lowering for low doping and strong interactions.
We investigate the applicability of the two existing versions of a time-dependent Gutzwiller approach (TDGA) beyond the frequently used limit of infinite spatial dimensions. To this end, we study the two-particle response functions of a two-site Hubbard model where we can compare the exact results and those derived from the TDGA. It turns out that only the more recently introduced version of the TDGA can be combined with a diagrammatic approach which allows for the evaluation of Gutzwiller wave functions in finite dimensions. For this TDGA method, we derive the time-dependent Lagrangian for general single-band Hubbard models.
We study the superconducting phase of the Hubbard model using the Gutzwiller variational wave function (GWF) and the recently proposed diagrammatic expansion technique (DE-GWF). The DE-GWF method works on the level of the full GWF and in the thermodynamic limit. Here, we consider a finite-size system to study the accuracy of the results as a function of the system size (which is practically unrestricted). We show that the finite-size scaling used, e.g. in the variational Monte Carlo method can lead to significant, uncontrolled errors. The presented research is the first step towards applying the DE-GWF method in studies of inhomogeneous situations, including systems with impurities, defects, inhomogeneous phases, or disorder.
Abstract We propose a systematic approach to the systems of correlated electrons, the so-called -DE-GWF method, based on reciprocal-space ( -resolved) diagrammatic expansion of the variational Gutzwiller-type wave function for parametrized models of correlated fermions. The present approach, in contrast to either variational Monte-Carlo (VMC), or the recently developed real-space diagrammatic expansion of the Gutzwiller-type wave function (direct-space DE-GWF technique), is applicable directly in the thermodynamic limit and thus is suitable for describing selected singular features of the wave-vector-dependent quantities. We employ the -DE-GWF method to extract the non-analytic part of the two leading moments of the fermion spectral-density function across the (two-dimensional) Brillouin zone for the Hubbard model and away from the half-filling. Those moments are used to evaluate the nodal quasiparticle velocities and their spectral weights in the correlated superconducting state. The two velocities determined in that manner exhibit scaling with the electron concentration qualitatively different from that obtained earlier for the excited states of the high- T c cuprates within the projected quasi-particle ansatz, and the results are in a very good quantitative agreement with experimental data if interpreted as those characterizing the spectrum below and above the observed kink. We provide a detailed discussion of the two gaps and two excitation branches (two velocities) appearing naturally within our DE-GWF approach. The two separate sets of characteristics distinguish the renormalized quasiparticle states very close to the Fermi surface from the deeper correlated-state properties. Also, an enhancement of the -dependent magnetic susceptibility is shown to contain a spin-fluctuation contribution within our language. Finally, the -DE-GWF approach is compared to both the VMC and real-space DE-GWF results for the cases of Hubbard and t - J - U models.