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arXiv:1501.02818 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

The entropy of the six-vertex model with a variety of different boundary conditions

T S Tavares, G A P Ribeiro, V. E. Korepin

Published Jun 10, 2015• 11 citations
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Abstract

We study the dependence of entropy [per lattice site] of six-vertex model on boundary conditions. We start with lattices of finite size and then proceed to thermodynamic limit. We argue that the six-vertex model with periodic, anti-periodic and mixed boundary conditions produce the same free-energy in the thermodynamic limit. We have found fixed boundary conditions such that the entropy varies continuously from zero to its value for periodic boundary condition. We have also shown that the physical quantities of the six-vertex model at the isotropic point does not change in the case of singular toroidal boundary.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2015/06/p06016

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•Jul 20, 2006•0 citations
We study the dependence of entropy [per lattice site] of six-vertex model on boundary conditions. We start with lattices of finite size and then proceed to thermodynamic limit. We argue that the six-vertex model with periodic, anti-periodic and mixed boundary conditions produce the same free-energy in the thermodynamic limit. We have found fixed boundary conditions such that the entropy varies continuously from zero to its value for periodic boundary condition. We have also shown that the physical quantities of the six-vertex model at the isotropic point does not change in the case of singular toroidal boundary.
The Bethe ansatz equations are derived for the six-vertex model with general boundary weights on a lattice in a diagonal orientation. These are solved in the thermodynamic limit. Finite-size corrections to the free energy (for a restricted class of boundary weights, including those corresponding to a Potts model with free boundaries) are calculated in the critical region. The first-order term gives the surface free energy of the model. The second-order term is found to be - pi okT tan( pi nu /2 mu )c/48N' 2 where c=(1-6 mu 2 /( pi 2 - pi mu )) is the conformal anomaly. This can be compared to - pi kT sin( pi nu / mu )c/6N' 2 for a calculation on the lattice in the standard orientation and with periodic boundary conditions. This difference can be explained geometrically using conformal invariance.
The 'n-equivalences' of boundary conditions of lattice models are introduced and it is derived that the models with n-equivalent boundary conditions result in the identical free energy. It is shown that the free energy of the six-vertex model is classified through the density of left/down arrows on the boundary. The free energy becomes identical to that obtained by Lieb and Sutherland with the periodic boundary condition, if the density of the arrows is equal to 1/2. The relation to the structure of the transfer matrix and a relation to stochastic processes are noted.
We continue the work of [S. Belliardet al., SciPost Phys. 16, 009 (2024)] studying the modified rational six vertex model. We find another formula of the partition function for the inhomogeneous model, in terms of a determinant that mix the modified Izergin one and a Vandermonde one. This expression enables us to compute the partition function in the homogeneous limit for the rectangular lattice, and then to study the thermodynamic limit. It leads to a new result, we obtain the first order of free energy with boundary effects in the thermodynamic limit.
In this note, we consider the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, defined on an M×M lattice, in the inhomogeneous case where the partition function depends on 2M inhomogeneities λj and μk. For a particular choice of the set of λj we find a new determinant representation for the partition function, which allows evaluation of the bulk free energy in the thermodynamic limit. This provides a new connection between two types of determinant formulas. We also show in a special case that spin correlations on the horizontal line going through the center coincide with the ones for periodic boundary conditions.
The free energies of six-vertex models on a general domain D with various boundary conditions are investigated with the use of the n-equivalence relation, which help classify the thermodynamic limit properties. It is derived that the free energy of the six-vertex model on the rectangle is unique in the limit (height,width)->(∞,∞). It is derived that the free energies of the model on the domain D are classified through the densities of left/down arrows on the boundary. Specifically, the free energy is identical to that obtained by Lieb [Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 1046 (1967); 19, 108 (1967); Phys. Rev. 162, 162 (1967)] and Sutherland [Phys. Rev. Lett 19, 103 (1967)] with the cyclic boundary condition when the densities are both equal to 1/2. This fact explains several results already obtained through the transfer matrix calculation. The relation to the domino tiling (or dimer, or matching) problems is also noted.