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arXiv:1412.7948 · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

Phase-space noncommutative extension of the Robertson-Schrödinger formulation of Ozawa’s uncertainty principle

Catarina Bastos, Alex E. Bernardini, Orfeu Bertolami A, Nuno Costa Dias, João Nuno Prata

Published Mar 30, 2015• 26 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We revisit Ozawa's uncertainty principle (OUP) in the framework of noncommutative (NC) quantum mechanics. We derive a matrix version of OUP accommodating any NC structure in the phase space, and compute NC corrections to lowest order for two measurement interactions, namely the backaction evading quadrature amplifier and noiseless quadrature transducers. These NC corrections alter the nature of the measurement interaction, as a noiseless interaction may acquire noise, and an interaction of independent intervention may become dependent on the object system. However the most striking result is that noncommutativity may lead to a violation of the OUP itself. The NC corrections for the backaction evading quadrature amplifier reveal a new term which may potentially be amplified in such a way that the violation of the OUP becomes experimentally testable. On the other hand, the NC corrections to the noiseless quadrature transducer shows an incompatibility of this model with NC quantum mechanics. We discuss the implications of this incompatibility for NC quantum mechanics and for Ozawa's uncertainty principle.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.91.065036

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We revisit Ozawa's uncertainty principle (OUP) in the framework of noncommutative (NC) quantum mechanics. We derive a matrix version of OUP accommodating any NC structure in the phase space, and compute NC corrections to lowest order for two measurement interactions, namely the backaction evading quadrature amplifier and noiseless quadrature transducers. These NC corrections alter the nature of the measurement interaction, as a noiseless interaction may acquire noise, and an interaction of independent intervention may become dependent on the object system. However the most striking result is that noncommutativity may lead to a violation of the OUP itself. The NC corrections for the backaction evading quadrature amplifier reveal a new term which may potentially be amplified in such a way that the violation of the OUP becomes experimentally testable. On the other hand, the NC corrections to the noiseless quadrature transducer shows an incompatibility of this model with NC quantum mechanics. We discuss the implications of this incompatibility for NC quantum mechanics and for Ozawa's uncertainty principle.
Ozawa's measurement-disturbance relation is generalized to a phase-space noncommutative extension of quantum mechanics. It is shown that the measurement-disturbance relations have additional terms for backaction evading quadrature amplifiers and for noiseless quadrature transducers. Several distinctive features appear as a consequence of the noncommutative extension: measurement interactions which are noiseless, and observables which are undisturbed by a measurement, or of independent intervention in ordinary quantum mechanics, may acquire noise, become disturbed by the measurement, or no longer be an independent intervention in noncommutative quantum mechanics. It is also found that there can be states which violate Ozawa's universal noise-disturbance trade-off relation, but verify its noncommutative deformation.
We show that a possible violation of the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty principle may signal the existence of a deformation of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra. More precisely, we prove that any Gaussian in phase space (even if it violates the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty principle) will always be a quantum state of an appropriate noncommutative extension of quantum mechanics. Conversely, all canonical noncommutative extensions of quantum mechanics display states that violate the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty principle.
In this paper, we revisit the notion of quantum entanglement induced by the deformation of phase-space through noncommutative space (NC) parameters. The geometric structure of the state space for Gaussian states in NC-space is illustrated through information geometry approach. We parametrize the phase-space distributions by their covariances and utilize the Fisher-Rao metric to construct the statistical manifold associated with quantum states. We describe the notion of the Robertson-Scrödinger uncertainty principle (RSUP) and positive partial transpose (PPT) conditions for allowed quantum states and separable states, respectively, for NC-space. RSUP and PPT provide the restrictions on all allowed states and separable states, respectively. This enables us to estimate the relative volumes of set of separable states and entangled states. Numerical estimations are provided for a toy model of a bipartite Gaussian state. We restrict our study to such bipartite Gaussian states, for which the entanglement is induced by the noncommutative phase-space parameters.
We present a new geometric formulation of uncertainty relation valid for any quantum measurements of statistical nature. Owing to its simplicity and tangibility, our relation is universally valid and experimentally viable. Although our relation violates the na{ï}ve non-commutativity bound ℏ/2\hbar/2ℏ/2 for the measurement of position and momentum, the spirit of the uncertainty principle still stands strong. Our relation entails, among others, the Ozawa relation as a corollary, and also reduces seamlessly to the standard Kennard-Robertson relation when the measurement is non-informative.
We present a universal formulation of uncertainty relation valid for any conceivable quantum measurement of statistical nature. Owing to its simplicity and operational tangibility, our general relation is also experimentally verifiable. Our relation violates the traditional naïve bound ħ / 2 for the position-momentum measurement while respecting Heisenberg's original philosophy of the uncertainty principle. Our relation entails, among others, the Arthurs–Kelly–Goodman and Ozawa relations as corollaries to its special cases, and also seamlessly reduces itself to the standard Kennard–Robertson (Schrödinger) relation when the measurement is non-informative.
In this work we derive a matrix formulation of a noise-disturbance uncertainty relation, which is akin to the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty principle. Our inequality is stronger than Ozawa's uncertainty principle and takes noise-disturbance correlations into account. Moreover, we show that for certain types of measurement interactions it is covariant with respect to linear symplectic transformations of the noise and disturbance operators. Finally, we also study the tightness of our matrix inequality.