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arXiv:1412.3471 · Physical Review Letters

Coexistence, Interfacial Energy, and the Fate of Microemulsions of 2D Dipolar Bosons

Saverio Moroni, Massimo Boninsegni

Published Dec 10, 2014• 33 citations
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Abstract

The superfluid-crystal quantum phase transition of a system of purely repulsive dipolar bosons in two dimensions is studied by quantum Monte Carlo simulations at zero temperature. We determine freezing and melting densities and estimate the energy per unit length of a macroscopic interface separating the two phases. The results rule out the microemulsion scenario for any physical realization of this system, given the exceedingly large predicted size of the bubbles.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.113.240407

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The superfluid-crystal quantum phase transition of a system of purely repulsive dipolar bosons in two dimensions is studied by quantum Monte Carlo simulations at zero temperature. We determine freezing and melting densities and estimate the energy per unit length of a macroscopic interface separating the two phases. The results rule out the microemulsion scenario for any physical realization of this system, given the exceedingly large predicted size of the bubbles.
We study by quantum Monte Carlo simulations the low-temperature phase diagram of dipolar bosons confined to one dimension, with dipole moments aligned along the direction of particle motion. A hard-core repulsive potential of varying range ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) is added to the dipolar interaction, in order to ensure stability of the system against collapse. In the $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ limit the physics of the system is dominated by the potential energy and the ground state is quasicrystalline; as $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ is increased the attractive part of the interaction weakens and the equilibrium phase evolves from quasicrystalline to a nonsuperfluid liquid. At a critical value ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$, the kinetic energy becomes dominant and the system undergoes a quantum phase transition from a self-bound liquid to a gas. In the gaseous phase with $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$, at low density attractive interactions bring the system into a ``weak'' superfluid regime. However, gas-liquid coexistence also occurs, as a result of which the topologically protected superfluid regime is not approached.
The liquid and crystal phases of a single-component Fermi gas with dipolar interactions are investigated using quantum Monte Carlo methods in two spatial dimensions and at zero temperature. The dipoles are oriented by an external field perpendicular to the plane of motion, resulting in a purely repulsive 1/r(3) interaction. In the liquid phase we calculate the equation of state as a function of the interaction strength and other relevant properties characterizing the Fermi-liquid behavior: effective mass, discontinuity at the Fermi surface, and pair correlation function. In the high density regime we calculate the equation of state of the Wigner crystal phase and the critical density of the liquid to solid quantum phase transition. Close to the freezing density we also search for the existence of a stripe phase, but such a phase is never found to be energetically favorable.
The extended Bose-Hubbard model with correlated tunneling exhibits staggered superfluid and supersolid quantum phases. We study finite-temperature phase transitions of quantum phases of dipolar bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice using Gutzwiller mean-field and quantum Monte Carlo approaches. When nearest-neighbor repulsion is comparable to the on-site interaction, we find that the two topologically distinct superfluids are separated by a normal-fluid phase, while at stronger off-site interactions, density-modulated insulating quantum phases appear. We estimate the critical temperature of the staggered-superfluid to normal-fluid transition and show that this transition is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. Finally, we elucidate the coexistence of staggered quantum phases in the presence of an external trapping potential. Our study paves the way to observe novel staggered quantum phases in dipolar optical lattice experiments.
The ground state of a two-dimensional (2D) system of Bose particles of spin zero, interacting via a repulsive Gaussian-core potential, has been investigated by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The quantum phase diagram is qualitatively identical to that of 2D Yukawa bosons. While the system is a fluid at all densities for weak coupling, in the strong-coupling regime it transitions upon compression from a low-density superfluid to a crystal, and then into a reentrant superfluid phase. No evidence of a (supersolid) cluster crystal phase is seen.
We investigate the behavior of dipolar bosons in two dimensions. We describe the large density crystalline limit analytically while we use quantum Monte Carlo to study the melting toward the Bose-Einstein condensate. We find strong evidence for a first order transition. We characterize the window of experimentally accessible parameters in the context of ultracold bosons and show that observing the quantum melting should be within grasp once one is able to form cold heteronuclear molecules. Close to the melting, we cannot conclude on the existence of a supersolid phase due to an insufficient overlap of our variational Bijl-Jastrow ansatz with the actual ground state.
We present numerical simulations on a lattice model of bosons in two dimensions using a path integral quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. At finite temperature we observe the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and by a finite-size analysis determine the transition temperature. In the limit of zero temperature we find two distinct phases: at a special commensurate density (number of bosons integer multiple of the number of sites), the system is superfluid for small values of the interaction, but the superfluidity vanishes at a critical value of the interaction and the system becomes a Mott insulator. For an incommensurate density, the system remains superfluid at all values of the repulsive interaction between bosons. The superfluid density, however, vanishes as a commensurate density is approached for sufficiently large interaction. We estimate the critical exponents for these transitions.