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arXiv:1411.4771 · Physical Review A

Coherent control of light transport in a dense and disordered atomic ensemble

A. S. Sheremet, Danil Kornovan, L. V. Gerasimov, Baptiste Gouraud, Julien Laurat, Dmitriy V. Kupriyanov

Published May 12, 2015• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Light transport in a dense and disordered cold atomic ensemble, where the cooperation of atomic dipoles essentially modifies their coupling with the radiation modes, offers an alternative approach to light-matter interfacing protocols. Here, we show how the cooperativity and quasistatic dipole interaction affect the process of light propagation under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We perform comparative analysis of the self-consistent approach with ab initio microscopic calculations and emphasize the role of the interatomic interaction in the dipoles' dynamics. Our results show that in such a dense and strongly disordered system the EIT-based light storage protocol stays relatively insensitive to configuration variations and can be obtained with essentially fewer atoms than are normally needed for dilute systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.053813

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Light transport in a dense and disordered cold atomic ensemble, where the cooperation of atomic dipoles essentially modifies their coupling with the radiation modes, offers an alternative approach to light-matter interfacing protocols. Here, we show how the cooperativity and quasistatic dipole interaction affect the process of light propagation under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We perform comparative analysis of the self-consistent approach with ab initio microscopic calculations and emphasize the role of the interatomic interaction in the dipoles' dynamics. Our results show that in such a dense and strongly disordered system the EIT-based light storage protocol stays relatively insensitive to configuration variations and can be obtained with essentially fewer atoms than are normally needed for dilute systems.
Resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) emerges in strong light-matter interacting systems, which leads to many fascinating phenomena such as cooperative light scattering and collective radiation. Here, we theoretically investigate the role of RDDI in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The resonant dipole-dipole interactions manifest themselves in the cooperative spontaneous emission of the probe light transition, which give rise a broadened linewidth and associated collective frequency shift. This cooperative linewidth originates from the nonlocal and long-range RDDI, which can be determined by the atomic density, optical depth, and macroscopic length scales of the atomic ensemble. We present the finding that EIT spectroscopy essentially demonstrates all-order multiple scattering of RDDI. Furthermore, we find that the EIT transparency window becomes narrower as the cooperative linewidth increases, which essentially reduces the storage efficiency of slow light as an EIT-based quantum memory application.
Light propagation in disordered media is a fundamental and important problem in optics and photonics. In particular, engineering light-matter interaction in disordered cold atomic ensembles is one of the central topics in modern quantum and atomic optics. The collective response of dense atomic gases under light excitation, which crucially depends on the spatial distribution of atoms and the geometry of the ensemble, has important impacts on quantum technologies like quantum sensors, atomic clocks and quantum information storage. Here we analyze near-resonant light transmission in two-dimensional dense ultracold atomic ensembles with short-range positional correlations. Based on the coupled-dipole simulations under different atom number densities and correlation lengths, we show that the collective effects are strongly influenced by those positional correlations, manifested as significant shifts and broadening or narrowing of transmission resonance lines. We also analyze the eigenstate distribution of different atomic ensembles. This work may provide profound implications on collective and cooperative effects in cold atomic ensembles as well as the study of mesoscopic physics concerning light transport in strongly scattering disorder media.
Here we present a microscopic model that describes the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon in the multiple scattering regime. We consider an ensembles of cold three-level atoms, in a Λ\LambdaΛ configuration, scattering a probe and a control field to the vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field. By first considering a scalar description of the scattering, we show that the light-mediated long-range interactions that emerge between the dipoles narrow the EIT transparency window for increasing densities and sample sizes. For a vectorial description, we demonstrate that near-field interacting terms can critically affect the atomic population transfer in the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP). This result points out that standard STIRAP-based quantum memories in dense and cold atomic ensembles would not reach efficiency high enough for quantum information processing applications.
An ensemble of atoms coupled to the radiation field exhibits collective behaviours when the interatomic separation is comparable to the wavelength of photons emitted by the atoms. The collective coupling of the atoms with the electromagnetic field gives rise to coherent exchange interactions between the atoms. In addition, the spontaneous decay of photons from the ensemble becomes a collective process that can happen at a much faster (superradiant) or slower (subradiant) rate than that of a single atom. These processes affect the way that fluorescence light is scattered from the system when it is driven by a laser. However, little is known about the response of a dense atomic gas beyond the linear regime of very weak driving, due to the involved complexity of the problem. The first part of this thesis investigates how the presence of strong laser driving affects properties of the far-field fluorescence light emitted by the ensemble, such as the power spectrum and second order coherence. Depending on the strength of the driving laser and the particular arrangement of the atoms, the laser can modify considerably how the collective behaviours of the atomic ensemble are manifested in the fluorescence. The relative strengths of the coherent interaction and collective decay process are intrinsically linked to the way that the atoms couple to the radiation field; one cannot be changed without modifying the other. Altering the environment by, for example, placing the atoms near a surface or a waveguide, can change this relation significantly from that for atoms in free space. Therefore, modified environments represent a platform for the generation of otherwise inaccessible regimes of collective behaviour, with potential applications in quantum state engineering. The second part of this thesis provides a numerical investigation into how the collective properties of a dense atomic system can be manipulated by placing the atoms close to planar surfaces or an optical nanofiber. These structures modify the light-matter coupling by altering the electric field experienced by the atoms. It is shown that surfaces of metallic and dielectric materials can be used to either enhance or suppress the collective behaviours, depending on the particular system arrangement. In particular, the coupling of atoms with bound surface modes, such as the surface plasmon polaritons that are formed at an air-metal interface, is demonstrated to have a strong effect on the interactions. An optical nanofiber supports a set of fundamental guided modes, that propagate along the fiber. If the atoms are suitably polarised, then they will emit primarily into the guided modes travelling in one direction. By calculating and analysing the collective decay states of a chain of atoms placed near a nanofiber, it is demonstrated that the atom-fiber coupling leads to the formation of a superradiant mode that is preserved at large atomic separations. The presence of chiral emission is shown to introduce phase gradients to the collective modes.
Here we present a microscopic model that describes the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon in the multiple-scattering regime. We consider an ensemble of cold three-level atoms, in a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration, scattering a probe and a control field to the vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field. By first considering a scalar description of the scattering, we show that the light-mediated long-range interactions that emerge between the dipoles narrow the EIT transparency window for increasing densities and sample sizes. For a vectorial description, we demonstrate that near-field interacting terms can critically affect the atomic population transfer in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). This result points out that standard STIRAP-based quantum memories in cold-atomic ensembles would not reach high enough efficiencies for quantum information processing applications even in dilute regimes.