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arXiv:1411.1338 · Electronic journal of theoretical physics

A Proof for Poisson Bracket in Non-commutative Algebra of Quantum Mechanics

Sina Ataollah Khorasani

Published Nov 5, 2014• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The widely accepted approach to the foundation of quantum mechanics is that the Poisson bracket, governing the non-commutative algebra of operators, is taken as a postulate with no underlying physics. In this manuscript, it is shown that this postulation is in fact unnecessary and may be replaced by a few deeper concepts, which ultimately lead to the derivation of Poisson bracket. One would only need to use Fourier transform pairs and Kramers-Kronig identities in the complex domain. We present a definition of Hermitian time-operator and discuss some of its basic properties.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1411.1338

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The widely accepted approach to the foundation of quantum mechanics is that the Poisson bracket, governing the non-commutative algebra of operators, is taken as a postulate with no underlying physics. In this manuscript, it is shown that this postulation is in fact unnecessary and may be replaced by a few deeper concepts, which ultimately lead to the derivation of Poisson bracket. One would only need to use Fourier transform pairs and Kramers-Kronig identities in the complex domain. We present a definition of Hermitian time-operator and discuss some of its basic properties.
In the first part of this series we have shown how the Schrodinger equation for a single particle and the corresponding non relativistic quantum observables can be obtained from a purely classical phonon model through the Newtonian equations of motion. In this work we focus instead on how the classical Hamiltonian formalism applied to the same phonon system allows to recover the feature of relativistic quantum mechanics for a single spinless particle. Using the classical nature of the phonon model, we naturally define continuous Poisson brackets between classical observables, which allows to recover the dynamics of such observables, i.e. the Ehrenfest relations associated to real-valued Klein-Gordon fields. The Poisson brackets also permits to obtain the generic form of constants of motions, thus generalizing the concept of inner products and momentum on Klein-Gordon fields. We then connect the formalism of real-valued classical functionals with that of hermitian operators and complex-valued wave functions. This is done through the introduction of a non-local complex-valued change of variables which allows to rewrite the real-valued Klein-Gordon equation in a form akin to the Schrodinger equation, and the classical observables as quantum expectation values. Then, we show how this change of variables allows to rewrite the classical Poisson brackets as commutators of hermitian operators. This points out the strict equivalence between the Heisenberg formalism and the formalism of classical Poisson bracket. Eventually, we illustrate how the Poisson brackets allows to recover the transformations of Poincare group in 1+1 dimension together with its algebra. The latter makes the link between the Lorentz invariant inner product of Mostafazadeh and the Casimir invariant associated to the mass of particle.
This chapter attempts to reconnect quantum mechanics to classical mechanics by comparing the role of the Poisson bracket used in classical mechanics to the commutator used in quantum mechanics. After introducing Planck’s quantization method, the operators for position and linear momentum are defined, their eigenvalues and eigenvectors are derived, and their mutual commutator is taken and compared to the analogous result in classical mechanics. Finally, the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is introduced, and its implications briefly discussed.
By making use of the Weyl-Wigner-Groenewold-Moyal association rules, a commutative product and a new quantum bracket are constructed in the ring of operators \cal{F}(H). In this way, an isomorphism between Lie algebra of classical observables (with Poisson bracket) and the Lie algebra of quantum observables with this new bracket is established. By these observations, a formulation of the classical mechanics in \cal{F}(H} is obtained and is shown to be \hbar\to 0 limit of the Heisenberg picture formulation of the quantum mechanics.
We introduce the Poisson bracket operator, which is an alternative quantum counterpart of the Poisson bracket. This operator is defined using the operator derivative formulated in quantum analysis and is equivalent to the Poisson bracket in the classical limit. Using this, we derive the quantum canonical equation, which describes the time evolution of operators. In the standard applications of quantum mechanics, the quantum canonical equation is equivalent to the Heisenberg equation. At the same time, this equation is applicable to ccc-number canonical variables and then coincides with the canonical equation in classical mechanics. Therefore, the Poisson bracket operator enables us to describe classical and quantum behaviors in a unified way. Moreover, the quantum canonical equation is applicable to nonstandard system where the Heisenberg equation is not defined. As an example, we consider the application to the system where ccc-number and qqq-number particles coexist. The derived dynamics satisfies the Ehrenfest theorem and the energy and momentum conservations.