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arXiv:1410.3672 · Physical Review A

Quantum-network generation based on four-wave mixing

Yin Cai, Jingliang Feng, Hailong Wang, Giulia Ferrini, Xinye Xu, Jietai Jing, Nicolas Treps

Published Jan 28, 2015• 59 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a scheme to realize versatile quantum networks by cascading several four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in warm rubidium vapors. FWM is an efficient ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ nonlinear process, already used as a resource for multimode quantum state generation and which has been proved to be a promising candidate for applications to quantum information processing. We analyze theoretically the multimode output of cascaded FWM systems, derive its independent squeezed modes, and show how, with phase controlled homodyne detection and digital postprocessing, they can be turned into a versatile source of continuous variable cluster states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.013843

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We present a scheme to realize versatile quantum networks by cascading several four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in warm rubidium vapors. FWM is an efficient \ensuremathχ(3){\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}\ensuremathχ(3) nonlinear process, already used as a resource for multimode quantum state generation and which has been proved to be a promising candidate for applications to quantum information processing. We analyze theoretically the multimode output of cascaded FWM systems, derive its independent squeezed modes, and show how, with phase controlled homodyne detection and digital postprocessing, they can be turned into a versatile source of continuous variable cluster states.
As a crucial quantum resource for quantum computing and quantum information processing, cluster state has attracted extensive attention due to its unique entanglement properties and rich structures. In this work, we theoretically propose a scheme for generating four-mode entangled states based on cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) process. The internal entanglement characteristics are studied by using the positivity under partial transposition criterion and eigenmode decomposition. In addition, the output entangled states are reconstructed and optimized by adjusting the relative phase of balanced homodyne detection and postprocessing the signal noise, and finally three four-mode cluster states with different structures are generated. Such a method can effectively reduce the excess noise induced by finite squeezing. Our theoretical results provide a reliable way of generating scalable continuous variable cluster states based on FWM process in atomic ensemble.
Multimode quantum states, such as multipartite quantum entanglement or quantum correlations, are important for both fundamental science and the future development of quantum technologies. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally realize a scheme that can fully exploit the multi-spatial-mode nature of the four-wave-mixing (FWM) process, i.e., spatial multiplexing, and thus integrates multiple FWM processes into a single cell at each stage of the cascaded process. The number of generated quantum-correlated beams 2n{2}^{n}2n is exponentially dependent on the number of vapor cells nnn. In addition, the quantum correlations between the multiple beams also increase as the number of vapor cell increases. For the case of n=2n=2n=2, we experimentally show that the degree of intensity-difference squeezing between the four quantum-correlated beams in our scheme is enhanced to $\ensuremath{-}8.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ dB from $\ensuremath{-}5.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ and $\ensuremath{-}6.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ dB of squeezing obtained with a single FWM process. Our system may find applications in quantum information and precision measurement.
Multimode quantum squeezing plays an essential role in the fields of quantum metrology and quantum information. In this paper, we first construct a three- and four-mode energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing system in a single 85 R b vapor, and then analyze the quantum properties of the produced states, including the covariance matrix and the intensity squeezing with 11 possible Hamiltonians. In addition, the dressing field is applied to modulate the nonlinear susceptibility and the multimode quantum states. Our scheme allows active modulation of the quantum states integrated within the generation step, without the need for any post-operation of the optics. The mode number of the states also can be extended using more pump fields and the dressing effect. Our study provides a promising candidate to generate multimode quantum states and multimode quantum squeezing within a quantum device involved in the construction of practical quantum networks.
Quantum correlations and entanglement shared among multiple quantum modes are important for both fundamental science and the future development of quantum technologies. This development will also require an efficient quantum interface between multimode quantum light sources and atomic ensembles, which makes it necessary to implement multimode quantum light sources that match the atomic transitions. Here, we report on such a source that provides a method for generating quantum correlated beams that can be extended to a large number of modes by using multiple four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in hot rubidium vapor. Experimentally, we show that two cascaded FWM processes produce strong quantum correlations between three bright beams but not between any two of them. In addition, the intensity-difference squeezing is enhanced with the cascaded system to -7.0±0.1 dB from the -5.5±0.1/-4.5±0.1 dB squeezing obtained with only one FWM process. One of the main advantages of our system is that as the number of quantum modes increases, so does the total degree of quantum correlations. The proposed method is also immune to phase instabilities due to its phase insensitive nature, can easily be extended to multiple modes, and has potential applications in the production of multiple quantum correlated images.
Theoretical studies and experimental implementations of quantum correlation are the important contents of continuous variables quantum optics and quantum information science. There are various systems for the study of quantum correlation. Here, we study an experimental scheme for generating three quantum correlated beams based on phase-sensitive cascaded four-wave-mixing (FWM) processes in rubidium vapor. Quantum correlation including intensity difference or sum squeezing, two other combinatorial squeezing, and quantum entanglement among the three output light fields are theoretically analyzed in this paper. Also, the comparison of the quantum correlations have been made between the phase-sensitive cascaded FWM processes and the phase-insensitive cascaded FWM processes. By changing the phases and intensities of the input beams, it is interesting to find that the maximum degrees of various combinatorial squeezing are equal when the two FWM processes share a common intensity gain. When the common intensity gain of the two FWM processes changes, the maximum degrees of different combinatorial squeezing will be synchronously controlled. At last we discuss the genuine tripartite entanglement and steering in our phase-sensitive cascaded scheme, and compare them with the cases of the phase-insensitive cascaded scheme.
Multimode entanglement is essential for the generation of quantum networks, which plays a central role in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Here, we study the spatial multimode entanglement characteristics of the large scale quantum states via a dual-pumped four-wave-mixing (FWM) process of Rubidium atomics vapors. A linear mode transform approach is applied to solve the four- and six-mode Gaussian states and the analytical input-output relations are presented. Moreover, via reconstructing the full covariance matrix of the produced states, versatile entanglement with from two up to six modes is analyzed. The results show that most of the 1 versus n-mode and m versus n-mode states are entangled, and the amount of entanglement can be regulated due to the competitions of mode components caused by different interaction strengths of co-existing FWMs. Our study could be applied for any multimode Gaussian states with a quadratic Hamiltonian.