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arXiv:1409.3688 · Linear and Multilinear Algebra

A lower bound on the fidelity between two states in terms of their trace-distance and max-relative entropy

Lin Zhang, Kaifeng Bu, Junde Wu

Published Jul 6, 2015• 7 citations
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Abstract

Fidelity is a fundamental and ubiquitous concept in quantum information theory. Fuchs–van de Graaf’s inequalities deal with bounding fidelity from above and below. In this paper, we give a lower bound on the quantum fidelity between two states in terms of their trace-distance and their max-relative entropy.
DOI
10.1080/03081087.2015.1057098

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The quantum relative entropy is frequently used as a distance measure between two quantum states, and inequalities relating it to other distance measures are important mathematical tools in many areas of quantum information theory. We have derived many such inequalities in previous work. The present paper is a follow-up on this, and provides a sharp upper bound on the relative entropy in terms of the trace norm distance and of the smallest eigenvalues of both states concerned. The result obtained here is more general than the corresponding one from our previous work. As a corollary, we obtain a sharp upper bound on the regularised relative entropy introduced by Lendi, Farhadmotamed, and van Wonderen.
The quantum relative entropy is frequently used as a distance, or distinguishability measure between two quantum states. In this article we study the relation between this measure and a number of other measures used for that purpose, including the trace norm distance. More specifically, we derive lower and upper bounds on the relative entropy in terms of various distance measures for the difference of the states based on unitarily invariant norms. The upper bounds can be considered as statements of continuity of the relative entropy distance in the sense of Fannes. We employ methods from optimisation theory to obtain bounds that are as sharp as possible.
The fidelity-based smooth min-relative entropy is a distinguishability measure that has appeared in a variety of contexts in prior work on quantum information, including resource theories like thermodynamics and coherence. Here we provide a comprehensive study of this quantity. First we prove that it satisfies several basic properties, including the dataprocessing inequality. We also establish connections between the fidelity-based smooth min-relative entropy and other widely used information-theoretic quantities, including smooth min-relative entropy and smooth sandwiched Rényi relative entropy, of which the sandwiched Rényi relative entropy and smooth max-relative entropy are special cases. After that, we use these connections to establish the second-order asymptotics of the fidelity-based smooth min-relative entropy and all smooth sandwiched Rényi relative entropies, finding that the first-order term is the quantum relative entropy and the second-order term involves the quantum relative entropy variance. Utilizing the properties derived, we also show how the fidelity-based smooth min-relative entropy provides one-shot bounds for operational tasks in general resource theories in which the target state is mixed, with a particular example being randomness distillation. The above observations then lead to second-order expansions of the upper bounds on distillable randomness, as well as the precise second-order asymptotics of the distillable randomness of particular classical–quantum states. Finally, we establish semi-definite programs for smooth maxrelative entropy and smooth conditional min-entropy, as well as a bilinear program for the fidelity-based smooth min-relative entropy, which we subsequently use to explore the tightness of a bound relating the last to the first.