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arXiv:1409.3057 · The European Physical Journal Special Topics

Phase separation of superfluids in the chain of four-component ultracold atoms

Gergely Barcza, E. Szirmai, Jenő Sólyom, Örs Legeza

Published Apr 1, 2015• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjst/e2015-02383-1

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We investigate the spin-polarized chain of ultracold alkaline-earth-metal atoms with spin-3/2 described by the fermionic Hubbard model with SU(4) symmetric attractive interaction. The competition of bound pairs, trions, quartets, and unbound atoms is studied analytically and by density-matrix renormalization-group simulations. We find several distinct states where bound particles coexist with the ferromagnetic state of unpaired fermions. In particular, an exotic inhomogeneous Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)-type superfluid of quartets in a magnetic background of uncorrelated atoms is found for weaker interactions. We show that the system can be driven from this quartet-FFLO state to a molecular state of localized quartets where spatial segregation between molecular crystals and ferromagnetic liquids emerges, and this transition is reflected in the static structure factor.
An ultracold gas of coupled two-component atoms in an optical field is studied. Due to the internal two-level structure of the atoms, three competing energy terms exist: atomic kinetic, atomic internal, and atom-atom interaction energies. A novel outcome of this interplay, not present in the regular Bose-Hubbard model, is that in the single band and tight-binding approximations four different phases appear: two superfluid and two Mott phases. When passing through the critical point between the two superfluid or the two Mott phases, a swapping of the internal atomic populations takes place. By means of the strong-coupling expansion, we find the full phase diagram for the four different phases.