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arXiv:1408.7030 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

Non self-conjugate strings, singular strings and rigged configurations in the Heisenberg model

Tetsuo Deguchi, Pulak Ranjan Giri

Published Feb 3, 2015• 11 citations
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Abstract

We observe a different type of complex solutions in the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain starting from N = 12, where the central rapidity of some of the odd-length strings becomes complex so that not all the strings self-conjugate individually. We show that there are at most ( N − 2)/2 singular solutions for M = 4, M = 5 down-spins and at most ( N 2 − 6 N + 8)/8 singular solutions for M = 6, M = 7 down-spins in an even-length chain with N ⩾ 2 M . Correspondence of the non self-conjugate string solutions and the singular string solutions to the rigged configurations has also been shown.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2015/02/p02004

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We observe a different type of complex solutions in the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain starting from N = 12, where the central rapidity of some of the odd-length strings becomes complex so that not all the strings self-conjugate individually. We show that there are at most ( N − 2)/2 singular solutions for M = 4, M = 5 down-spins and at most ( N 2 − 6 N + 8)/8 singular solutions for M = 6, M = 7 down-spins in an even-length chain with N ⩾ 2 M . Correspondence of the non self-conjugate string solutions and the singular string solutions to the rigged configurations has also been shown.
We provide a conjecture for the following two quantities related to the spin- isotropic Heisenberg model defined over rings of even lengths: (i) the number of solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations which correspond to non-zero Bethe vectors; (ii) the number of physical singular solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations in the sense of Nepomechie and Wang 2013 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 46 325002. The conjecture is based on a natural relationship between the solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations and the rigged configurations.
We investigate solutions to the Bethe equations for the isotropic S = 1/2 Heisenberg chain involving complex, string-like rapidity configurations of arbitrary length. Going beyond the traditional string hypothesis of undeformed strings, we describe a general procedure to construct eigenstates including strings with generic deformations, discuss general features of these solutions and provide a number of explicit examples including complete solutions for all wavefunctions of short chains. We finally investigate some singular cases and show from simple symmetry arguments that their contribution to zero-temperature correlation functions vanishes.
We study the implications of the regularization for the singular solutions on the even(odd) length spin- 1 / 2 XXX chains in some specific down-spin sectors. In particular, the analytic expressions of the Bethe eigenstates for three down-spin sector have been obtained along with their numerical forms in some fixed length chains. For an even-length chain if the singular solutions { λ α } are invariant under the sign changes of their rapidities { λ α } = { − λ α } , then the Bethe ansatz equations are reduced to a system of ( M − 2 ) / 2 ( ( M − 3 ) / 2 ) equations in an even (odd) down-spin sector. For an odd N length chain in the three down-spin sector, it has been analytically shown that there exist singular solutions in any finite length of the spin chain of the form N = 3 ( 2 k + 1 ) with k = 1 , 2 , 3 , ⋯ . It is also shown that there exist no singular solutions in the four down-spin sector for some odd-length spin- 1 / 2 XXX chains.