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arXiv:1509.02305 · Nuclear Physics B

Bethe's quantum numbers and rigged configurations

Anatol N. Kirillov, Reiho Sakamoto

Published Feb 27, 2016• 1 citation
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Abstract

We propose a method to determine the quantum numbers, which we call the rigged configurations, for the solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations for the spin-1/2 isotropic Heisenberg model under the periodic boundary condition. Our method is based on the observation that the sums of Bethe's quantum numbers within each string behave particularly nicely. We confirm our procedure for all solutions for length 12 chain (totally 923 solutions).

DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2016.02.020

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We propose a method to determine the quantum numbers, which we call the rigged configurations, for the solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations for the spin-1/2 isotropic Heisenberg model under the periodic boundary condition. Our method is based on the observation that the sums of Bethe's quantum numbers within each string behave particularly nicely. We confirm our procedure for all solutions for length 12 chain (totally 923 solutions).
We provide a conjecture for the following two quantities related to the spin- isotropic Heisenberg model defined over rings of even lengths: (i) the number of solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations which correspond to non-zero Bethe vectors; (ii) the number of physical singular solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations in the sense of Nepomechie and Wang 2013 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 46 325002. The conjecture is based on a natural relationship between the solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations and the rigged configurations.
We consider the Bethe equations for the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg quantum spin chain with periodic boundary conditions. We formulate a conjecture for the number of solutions with pairwise distinct roots of these equations, in terms of numbers of so-called singular (or exceptional) solutions. Using homotopy continuation methods, we find all such solutions of the Bethe equations for chains of length up to 14. The numbers of these solutions are in perfect agreement with the conjecture. We also discuss an indirect method of finding solutions of the Bethe equations by solving the Baxter T-Q equation. We briefly comment on implications for thermodynamical computations based on the string hypothesis.
The main purpose of this report is a thorough analysis of completeness of solutions of the one-dimensional Heisenberg Hamiltonian through the hypothesis of strings. A somehow astonishing conclusion emerges from studying of the structure of the classical configuration space of this system. Namely, all allowed information concerning quantum states, which are exact solutions of the Bethe equations, encoded in quantum numbers, are predictable via a bijection between the set of the magnetic configurations and the string configurations. This startling and beautiful observation constitutes the proof of the completeness of the eigenstates of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian, deduced in a purely combinatorial way. We interpret the set of all magnetic configurations with a fixed number r of spin deviations as the classical configuration space of a hypothetic system of r Bethe pseudoparticles, which move, in a stroboscopic manner, on the magnetic ring. The geometry of this configuration space, induced by the action of Heisenberg Hamiltonian and the translation symmetry group of the ring, implies the structure of a locally r -dimensional hypercubic lattice with well defined F -dimensional boundaries, 1 ⩽ F ⩽ r . We demonstrate that rigged string configurations originate from these boundaries, depending upon the island structure of spin deviations. We show that a relatively simple combinatoric definition of rigged strings reproduces completely exact results of Bethe Ansatz. It is expressed in terms of a combined bijection: Robinson-Schensted with Kerov- Kirillov-Reshetikhin (RSKKR) which produces a geography of exact Bethe Ansatz solutions on the classical configuration space.
Abstract This chapter verifies the conjecture for the wave function, the Bethe ansatz wave function, of the anisotropic Heisenberg quantum spin chain by examining first the cases for one, two, and three spin deviations. The equations determining the quasi- momenta are the Bethe ansatz equations, now obtained from the coordinate Bethe ansatz. The Bethe ansatz equations derive from the eigenvalue equation in combination with boundary conditions, here periodic boundary conditions. These quasi-momenta also determine the energy eigenvalue. However, solving the Bethe ansatz equations to obtain a particular state requires more considerations. New variables, called rapidities, are useful. The consideration of the thermodynamic limit then allows to extract information about the ground state and low-lying excitations of the anisotropic quantum spin chain from the Bethe ansatz equations. Furthermore, complex solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations, called strings, are considered.