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arXiv:1407.5400 · Physical Review B

Readout and dynamics of a qubit built on three quantum dots

Jakub Łuczak, Bogdan R. Bułka

Published Oct 21, 2014• 17 citations
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Abstract

We present a model of a qubit built of three coherently coupled quantum dots with three spins in a triangular geometry. The qubit states are encoded in the doublet subspace and they are controlled by a gate voltage, which breaks the triangular symmetry of the system. We show how to prepare the qubit and to perform one-qubit operations. A doublet blockade effect in the current will be discussed. The blockade is related to an asymmetry of transfer rates from the electrodes to different doublet states and is used to read out the dynamics of the qubit state. Our research also presents analysis of the Rabi oscillations, decoherence, and leakage processes in the doublets subspace.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.90.165427

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We present a model of a qubit built of three coherently coupled quantum dots with three spins in a triangular geometry. The qubit states are encoded in the doublet subspace and they are controlled by a gate voltage, which breaks the triangular symmetry of the system. We show how to prepare the qubit and to perform one-qubit operations. A doublet blockade effect in the current will be discussed. The blockade is related to an asymmetry of transfer rates from the electrodes to different doublet states and is used to read out the dynamics of the qubit state. Our research also presents analysis of the Rabi oscillations, decoherence, and leakage processes in the doublets subspace.
We study generation and dynamics of an exchange spin qubit encoded in three coherently coupled quantum dots with three electrons. For two geometries of the system a linear and a triangular one, the creation and coherent control of the qubit states are performed by the Landau--Zener transitions. In the triangular case both the qubit states are equivalent and can be easily generated for particular symmetries of the system. If one of the dots is smaller than the others one can observe Rabi oscillations, that can be used for coherent manipulation of the qubit states. The linear system is easier to fabricate; however, then the qubit states are not equivalent, making qubit operations more difficult to control.
We study generation and dynamics of an exchange spin qubit encoded in three coherently coupled quantum dots with three electrons. For two geometries of the system, a linear and a triangular one, the creation and coherent control of the qubit states are performed by the Landau–Zener transitions. In the triangular case, both the qubit states are equivalent and can be easily generated for particular symmetries of the system. If one of the dots is smaller than the others, one can observe Rabi oscillations that can be used for coherent manipulation of the qubit states. The linear system is easier to fabricate; however, then the qubit states are not equivalent, making qubit operations more difficult to control.
Asymmetry in a three-electron double quantum dot (DQD) allows spin blockade, when spin-3/2 (quadruplet) states and spin-1/2 (doublet) states have different charge configurations. We have observed this DQD spin blockade near the (1,2)-(2,1) charge transition using a pulsed-gate technique and a charge sensor. We, then, use this spin blockade to detect Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg interference and coherent oscillations between the spin quadruplet and doublet states. Such studies add to our understandings of coherence and control properties of three-spin states in a double dot, which, in turn, would benefit explorations into various qubit encoding schemes in semiconductor nanostructures.
Initialization, two-spin coherent manipulation, and readout of a three-spin qubit are demonstrated using a few-electron triple quantum dot. The three-spin qubit is designed to allow all operations for full qubit control to be tuned via nearest-neighbor exchange interaction. Fast readout of charge states takes advantage of multiplexed reflectometry. Decoherence measured in a two-spin subspace is found to be consistent with predictions based on gate voltage noise with a uniform power spectrum. The theory of the exchange-only qubit is developed and it is shown that initialization of only two spins suffices for operation. Requirements for full multiqubit control using only exchange and electrostatic interactions are outlined.
We describe time-dependent single-electron transport through quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime. Coherent dynamics of a single charge qubit in a double quantum dot is discussed with full one-qubit manipulation. Strength of decoherence is controlled with the applied voltage, but uncontrolled decoherence arises from electron–phonon coupling and background fluctuations. Then energy-relaxation dynamics is discussed for orbital and spin degree of freedom in a quantum dot. The electron–phonon interaction and spin–orbit coupling can be investigated as the dissipation problem. Finally, charge detection measurement is presented for statistical analysis of single-electron tunnelling transitions and for a sensitive qubit read-out device.
We study the short time dynamics of a charge qubit encoded in two coherently coupled quantum dots connected to external electrodes.In the regime of sequential tunneling the waiting time distribution is used to investigate in details statistics of the tunneling events and their correlations.We show that the coherent rotation of the qubit state on the Bloch sphere can be seen in tunneling events when an electron is injected and leave the system.Decoherence, relaxation of the qubit state as well as leakage processes are studied by means of transient currents.